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A quantitative genetic study for elucidating the contribution of glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase and other nitrogen-related physiological traits to the agronomic performance of common wheat

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Abstract

To better understand the genetic variability for nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat is a necessity in the frame of the present economic and ecological context. The objective of this work was to investigate the role of the enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and other nitrogen (N)-related physiological traits in the control of agronomic performance in wheat. A quantitative genetics approach was developed using the Arche × Récital population of doubled haploid lines grown for 3 years in the field. GS and GDH activities, ammonium, amino acid and protein contents were measured at different stages of plant development in different organs after flowering. Significant genotypic effects were observed for all measured physiological and agronomical traits. Heading date was negatively correlated with ammonium, amino acid, protein contents and GS activity in the flag leaf lamina. Grain protein content was positively correlated with both ammonium and amino acid content, and to a lesser extent with soluble protein content and GS activity. A total of 148 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected, 104 QTLs for physiological traits and 44 QTLs for agronomic traits. Twenty-six QTLs were detected for GDH activity spread over 13 chromosomes and 25 QTLs for GS activity spread over 12 chromosomes. We found only a co-localization between a QTL for GS activity and GSe, a structural gene encoding cytosolic GS on chromosome 4B. A coincidence between a QTL for GDH activity and a gene encoding GDH was also found on chromosome 2B. QTL regions combining both physiological and agronomical QTLs were mainly identified on linkage groups 2A, 2B, 2D, 5A, 5B and 5D. This approach allowed us to propose possible functions of physiological traits to explain the variation observed for agronomic traits including yield and its components.

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Abbreviations

14DAF:

14 days after flowering

28DAF:

28 days after flowering

DHL:

Doubled haploid line

DM:

Dry matter

DW:

Dry weight

FL:

Flowering

GDH:

Glutamate dehydrogenase

GS:

Glutamine synthetase

LOD:

Logarithm of the odd ratio

N:

Nitrogen

NUE:

Nitrogen use efficiency

QTL:

Quantitative trait locus

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

A:

Flag leaf lamina area

AA:

Amino acids

C:

Carbon in flag leaf lamina

CN:

Carbon nitrogen ratio in flag leaf lamina

DTH:

Heading date

DW:

Flag leaf lamina dry weight

FLS:

Flag leaf lamina senescence

GDHDM :

Glutamate dehydrogenase activity expressed per dry matter

GDHPR :

Glutamate dehydrogenase activity expressed per protein

GPC:

Grain protein content

GPS:

Grain number per spike

GSDM :

Glutamine synthetase activity expressed per dry matter

GSPR :

Glutamine synthetase activity expressed per protein

N:

Nitrogen content of the flag leaf lamina

NH4 + :

Ammonium

PROT:

Protein content of the flag leaf

QPG:

Quantity of protein per grain

TKW:

Thousand kernel weight

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Dimah Habash and Professor Peter Lea for their valuable comments and suggestions on the manuscript. We thank Damien Bouthors, Dominique Brasseur and Jean-Pierre Noclerc for their technical assistance. Financial support by the Conseil Régional de Picardie (IBFBio project no. 2005.2) is greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté des sciences, UPJV EA3900 BioPI, Nitrogen Metabolism, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France

    Jean-Xavier Fontaine, Karine Pageau & Frédéric Dubois

  2. Abiotic Stress and Differentiation of Cultivated Plants, INRA/USTL UMR 1281, BP50136, Chaussée Brunehaut, Estrées-Mons, 80203, Péronne Cedex, France

    Emmanuel Heumez

  3. Plant Nitrogen Nutrition, INRA UR 511, RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France

    Bertrand Hirel

  4. Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, INRA/UBP UMR 1095, Site de Crouël, 234 avenue du Brézet, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Catherine Ravel & Jacques Le Gouis

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  1. Jean-Xavier Fontaine
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  2. Catherine Ravel
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  3. Karine Pageau
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  4. Emmanuel Heumez
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  5. Frédéric Dubois
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  7. Jacques Le Gouis
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Correspondence to Jacques Le Gouis.

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Communicated by X. Xia.

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Fontaine, JX., Ravel, C., Pageau, K. et al. A quantitative genetic study for elucidating the contribution of glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase and other nitrogen-related physiological traits to the agronomic performance of common wheat. Theor Appl Genet 119, 645–662 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1076-4

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