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Physical declines occurring after hospital discharge in ARDS survivors: a 5-year longitudinal study

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Abstract

Purpose

Survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are at high risk for new or ongoing physical declines after hospital discharge. The objective of our study was to evaluate the epidemiology of physical declines over 5-year follow-up and identify patients at risk for decline.

Methods

This multi-site prospective cohort study evaluated ARDS survivors who completed a physical status assessment at 3 or 6 months post-discharge. Three measures were evaluated: muscle strength (Medical Resource Council sumscore); exercise capacity [6-min walk test (6MWT)]; physical functioning [36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36 survey)]. Patients were defined as “declined” if a comparison of their current and prior score showed a decrease that was greater than the Reliable Change Index—or if the patient died. Risk factors [pre-ARDS baseline status, intensive care unit (ICU) illness severity, and other intensive care variables] were evaluated using longitudinal, generalized linear regression models for each measure.

Results

During the follow-up of 193 ARDS survivors (55 % male; median age 49 years), 166 (86 %) experienced decline in ≥1 physical measure (including death) and 133 (69 %) experienced a physical decline (excluding death). For all measures, age was a significant risk factor [odds ratios (OR) 1.34–1.69 per decade; p < 0.001]. Pre-ARDS comorbidity (Charlson Index) was independently associated with declines in strength and exercise capacity (OR 1.10 and 1.18, respectively; p < 0.02), and organ failure [maximum daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in ICU] was associated with declines in strength (OR 1.06 per 1 point of SOFA score; p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Over the follow-up period, the majority of ARDS survivors experienced a physical decline, with older age and pre-ICU comorbidity being important risk factors for this decline.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank all patients who participated in the study and the dedicated research staff who assisted with data collection and management for the study, including Kimberly Boucher, Abdulla Damluji, Kristin Sepulveda, Faisal Siddiqi, Jennifer McGrain, Lin Chen, Alexandra Chong, Laura Methvin, Jahnavi Chatterjee, and Mariela Pinedo.

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Correspondence to Dale M. Needham.

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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclosure.

Sources of funding

This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (P050HL73994, R01HL088045, and K24HL088551) along with the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR) (UL1 TR 000424-06). Dr. Pfoh’s time was supported by an Institutional National Research Service Award (T32HP10025B0) to Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. The funder played no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Additional information

E. R. Pfoh and A. W. Wozniak contributed equally to the manuscript as co-first authors.

Take-home message: Over a 5-year longitudinal follow-up, 86 % of survivors experienced ≥1 episodes of physical decline (including death), and 69 % experienced a physical decline (excluding death). Age and pre-existing comorbidities were independently associated with declines in muscle strength and exercise capacity. Physical rehabilitation interventions should be specifically designed and evaluated for ARDS survivors who are older and have greater pre-ICU comorbidity.

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Pfoh, E.R., Wozniak, A.W., Colantuoni, E. et al. Physical declines occurring after hospital discharge in ARDS survivors: a 5-year longitudinal study. Intensive Care Med 42, 1557–1566 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-016-4530-1

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