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Oleuropein enhances osteoblastogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis: the effect on differentiation in stem cells derived from bone marrow

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Abstract

Summary

The effects of oleuropein on the processes of osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human bone marrow have been studied. We report that oleuropein, a polyphenol abundant in olive tree products, reduces the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), inhibits adipocyte differentiation, and enhances differentiation into osteoblast.

Introduction

Age-related bone loss is associated with osteoblast insufficiency during continuous bone remodeling. It has been suggested that the formation of osteoblasts in bone marrow is closely associated with adipogenesis, and age-related changes in this relationship could be responsible for the progressive adiposity of bone marrow which occurs with osteoporosis. In addition, the consumption of oleuropein, a major polyphenol in olive leaves and olive oil, has been associated with a reduction in bone loss.

Methods

We have analyzed the effects of oleuropein—at concentrations between 10−6 and 10−4 M—on the processes of osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in MSCs from human bone marrow.

Results

The results show an increase in osteoblast differentiation and a decrease in adipocyte differentiation when there is oleuropein in the culture media. The gene expression of osteoblastogenesis markers, RUNXII, osterix, collagen type I, osteocalcin, or alkaline phosphatase (ALP), was higher in osteoblast-induced oleuropein-treated cells. Also, the ALP activity and extracellular matrix mineralization were higher when oleuropein was present in the media. Oleuropein in MSCs induced adipocytes to produce a decrease in the expression of the genes involved in adipogenesis, the PPARγ, lipoprotein lipase, or fatty acid-binding protein 4, and minor fat accumulation.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that oleuropein, highly abundant in olive tree products included in the traditional Mediterranean diet, could prevent age-related bone loss and osteoporosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad Metabolismo Mineral, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain

    R. Santiago-Mora, A. Casado-Díaz & J. M. Quesada-Gómez

  2. SANYRES XXI, Córdoba, Spain

    A. Casado-Díaz & J. M. Quesada-Gómez

  3. Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Annex C-3, 14071, Córdoba, Spain

    M. D. De Castro

  4. Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Córdoba, Spain

    R. Santiago-Mora, A. Casado-Díaz & J. M. Quesada-Gómez

Authors
  1. R. Santiago-Mora
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  2. A. Casado-Díaz
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  3. M. D. De Castro
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  4. J. M. Quesada-Gómez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. M. Quesada-Gómez.

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Fig. S1

The oleuropein toxicity on MSC-h have been analyzed with an apoptosis test. There are no significant differences between the control (oleuropein untreated cells) and the culture treated with oleuropein. ***p < 0.001 vs untreated MSCs (GIF 14 kb)

High-resolution image (TIFF 654 kb)

Fig. S2

Elocution crystal violet: the cellular density does not show difference when the oleuropein is or is not in the media (GIF 35 kb)

High-resolution image (TIFF 979 kb)

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Santiago-Mora, R., Casado-Díaz, A., De Castro, M.D. et al. Oleuropein enhances osteoblastogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis: the effect on differentiation in stem cells derived from bone marrow. Osteoporos Int 22, 675–684 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1270-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1270-x

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