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Study of small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs) in health and disease: a review of the literature

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Abstract

Epithelial tissues are specialized to protect underlying tissues from environmental influences such as physical and chemical agents, infection by invasive microorganisms as well as water and heat loss. They are grouped into simple, transitional and stratified epithelia, which line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body, and also form glands, separate compartments, regulate the exchange of molecules and act as sensory organs. Stratified epithelia such as the epidermis and the gingival and hard palate mucosa are in constant renewal, with cells proliferating in the lower layers, while the intermediate stratum and outermost layers undergo a tissue-specific process of differentiation to form a protective cornified barrier. This review focuses on a subclass of structural proteins, the small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs), which constitute cornified cell envelope precursors. Several studies have suggested that the SPRRs are related to increased epithelial proliferation and to malignant processes. Hence, we also review the literature for more extensive and in-depth profile of these proteins in cancer and other diseases. The understanding of SPRR functions has advanced in recent years, but many important questions about their role in pathophysiological processes remain unanswered, which stimulate new studies and approaches.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo/FAPESP, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/CAPES and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas/CNPq for financial support and fellowships. They are also grateful to Professor Sergio Russo Matioli (Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo/USP) and to the GENCAPO (Head and Neck Genome Project—http://www.gencapo.famerp.br/) team for the valuable discussions that motivated the present study.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fernanda Carregaro & Eloiza H. Tajara

  2. Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil

    Fernanda Carregaro, Ana Carolina B. Stefanini, Tiago Henrique & Eloiza H. Tajara

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  1. Fernanda Carregaro
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Correspondence to Eloiza H. Tajara.

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Carregaro, F., Stefanini, A.C.B., Henrique, T. et al. Study of small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs) in health and disease: a review of the literature. Arch Dermatol Res 305, 857–866 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-013-1415-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-013-1415-9

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