Abstract
The human cerebral cortex contains numerous myelinated fibres, many of which are concentrated in tangentially organized layers and radially oriented bundles. The spatial organization of these fibres is by no means homogeneous throughout the cortex. Local differences in the thickness and compactness of the fibre layers, and in the length and strength of the radial bundles renders it possible to recognize areas with a different myeloarchitecture. The neuroanatomical subdiscipline aimed at the identification and delineation of such areas is known as myeloarchitectonics. There is another, closely related neuroanatomical subdiscipline, named cytoarchitectonics. The aims and scope of this subdiscipline are the same as those of myeloarchitectonics, viz. parcellation. However, this subdiscipline focuses, as its name implies, on the size, shape and arrangement of the neuronal cell bodies in the cortex, rather than on the myelinated fibres. At the beginning of the twentieth century, two young investigators, Oskar and Cécile Vogt founded a centre for brain research, aimed to be devoted to the study of the (cyto + myelo) architecture of the cerebral cortex. The study of the cytoarchitecture was entrusted to their collaborator Korbinian Brodmann, who gained great fame with the creation of a cytoarchitectonic map of the human cerebral cortex. Here, we focus on the myeloarchitectonic studies on the cerebral cortex of the Vogt–Vogt school, because these studies are nearly forgotten in the present attempts to localize functional activations and to interprete findings in modern neuroimaging studies. Following introductory sections on the principles of myeloarchitectonics, and on the achievements of three myeloarchitectonic pioneers who did not belong to the Vogt–Vogt school, the pertinent literature is reviewed in some detail. These studies allow the conclusion that the human neocortex contains about 185 myeloarchitectonic areas, 70 frontal, 6 insular, 30 parietal, 19 occipital, and 60 temporal. It is emphasized that the data available, render it possible to compose a myeloarchitectonic map of the human neocortex, which is at least as reliable as any of the classic architectonic maps. During the realization of their myeloarchitectonic research program, in which numerous able collaborators were involved, the Vogts gradually developed a general concept of the organization of the cerebral cortex. The essence of this concept is that this structure is composed of about 200 distinct, juxtaposed ‘Rindenfelder’ or ‘topistische Einheiten’, which represent fundamental structural as well as functional entities. The second main part of this article is devoted to a discussion and evaluation of this ‘Vogt–Vogt concept’. It is concluded that there is converging quantitative cytoarchitectonic, receptor architectonic, myeloarchitectonic, hodological, and functional evidence, indicating that this concept is essentially correct. The third, and final part of this article deals with the problem of relating particular cortical functions, as determined with neuroimaging techniques, to particular cortical structures. At present, these ‘translation’ operations are generally based on adapted, three-dimensional versions of Brodmann’s famous map. However, it has become increasingly clear that these maps do not provide the neuroanatomical precision to match the considerable degree of functional segregation, suggested by neuroimaging studies. Therefore, we strongly recommend an attempt at combining and synthesizing the results of Brodmann’s cytoarchitectonic analysis, with those of the detailed myeloarchitectonic studies of the Vogt–Vogt school. These studies may also be of interest for the interpretation of the myeloarchitectonic features, visualized in modern in vivo mappings of the human cortex.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amunts K, Zilles K (2012) Architecture and organizational principles of Broca’s region. Trends Cogn Sci 16(8):418–426. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.06.005
Amunts K, Schleicher A, Bürgel U, Mohlberg H, Uylings HB, Zilles K (1999) Broca’s region revisited: cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability. J Comp Neurol 412(2):319–341. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990920)412:2<319::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-7
Amunts K, Schleicher A, Ditterich A, Zilles K (2003) Broca’s region: cytoarchitectonic asymmetry and developmental changes. J Comp Neurol 465(1):72–89. doi:10.1002/cne.10829
Amunts K, Lenzen M, Friederici AD, Schleicher A, Morosan P, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K (2010) Broca’s region: novel organizational principles and multiple receptor mapping. PLoS Biol 8(9):e1000489. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000489
Anwander A, Tittgemeyer M, von Cramon DY, Friederici AD, Knosche TR (2007) Connectivity-based parcellation of Broca’s area. Cereb Cortex 17(4):816–825. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhk034
Bailey P, von Bonin G (1951) The isocortex of man. University of Illinois Press, Urbana
Batsch EG (1956) Die myeloarchitektonische Untergliederung des Isocortex parietalis beim Menschen. J Hirnforsch 2:225–258
Beck E (1925) Zur Exaktheit der myeloarchitektonischen Felderung des Cortex cerebri. J Psychol Neurol 31:281–288
Beck E (1928) Die myeloarchitektonische Felderung des in der Sylvischen Furche gelegenen Teils des menschlichen Schläfenlappens. J Psychol Neurol 36:1–21
Beck E (1929) Der myeloarchitektonische Bau des in der Sylvischen Furche gelegenen Teiles des Schläfenlappens beim Schimpansen (Troglodytes niger). J Psychol Neurol 38:309–420
Beck E (1930) Die Myeloarchotektonik der dorsalen Schläfenlappenrinde beim Menschen. J Psychol Neurol 41:129–262
Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H (2005) Relating connectional architecture to grey matter function using diffusion imaging. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360(1457):903–911. doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1640
Braak H (1980) Architectonics of the human telencephalic cortex. Springer, Berlin
Braitenberg V (1956) Die Gliederung der Stirnhirnrinde auf Grund ihres Markfaserbaus (Myeloarchitektonik). In: Rehwald E (ed) Das Hirntrauma. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 183–203
Braitenberg V (1962) A note on myeloarchitectonics. J Comp Neurol 118:141–156
Brockhaus H (1940) Die Cyto-und Myeloarchitektonik des Cortex claustralis und des Claustrum beim Menschen. J Psychol Neurol 49:249–348
Brodmann K (1903a) Beiträge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: regio Rolandica. J Psychol Neurol 2:79–107
Brodmann K (1903b) Beiträge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde. Zweite Mitteilung: der Calcarinatypus. J Psychol Neurol 2:133–159
Brodmann K (1905a) Beiträge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde. Dritte Mitteilung: die Rindenfelder der niederen Affen. J Psychol Neurol 4:177–226
Brodmann K (1905b) Beiträge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde. IV. Mitteilung: der Riesenpyramidentypus und sein Verhalten zu den Furchen bei den Karnivoren. J Psychol Neurol 6:108–120
Brodmann K (1906) Beiträge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde: fünfte Mitteilung: Über den allgemeinen Bauplan des Cortex Pallii bei den Mammaliern und zwei homologe Rindenfelder im besonderen. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Furchenlehre. J Psychol Neurol 6:275–400
Brodmann K (1908a) Beiträge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde. Sechste Mitteilung: die Cortexgliederung des Menschen. J Psychol Neurol 10:231–246
Brodmann K (1908b) Beiträge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde. VII. Mitteilung: die cytoarchitektonische Cortexgliederung der Halbaffen (Lemuriden). J Psychol Neurol 10:287–334
Brodmann K (1909) Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues. J. A. Barth, Leipzig
Brodmann K (1913) Neue Forschungsergebnisse der Großhirnrindenanatomie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung anthropologischer Fragen. Gesellschaft deutscher Naturforscher und Ärtze 85:200–240
Brodmann K (1914) Physiologie des Gehirns. In: Von Bruns P (ed) Neue deutsche Chirurgie, vol 11 Pt. 1. Enke, Stuttgart, pp 85–426
Cajal SR (1894) The Croonian Lecture : the fine structure of the nerve centres. Proc R Soc Lond 55:444–468
Campbell AW (1905) Histological studies on the localisation of cerebral function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Carmichael ST, Price JL (1994) Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 346(3):366–402. doi:10.1002/cne.903460305
Carmichael ST, Price JL (1995a) Limbic connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 363(4):615–641. doi:10.1002/cne.903630408
Carmichael ST, Price JL (1995b) Sensory and premotor connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 363(4):642–664. doi:10.1002/cne.903630409
Carmichael ST, Price JL (1996) Connectional networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 371(2):179–207. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960722)371:2<179::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-#
Caspers S, Geyer S, Schleicher A, Mohlberg H, Amunts K, Zilles K (2006) The human inferior parietal cortex: cytoarchitectonic parcellation and interindividual variability. Neuroimage 33(2):430–448. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.054
Caspers S, Eickhoff SB, Geyer S, Scheperjans F, Mohlberg H, Zilles K, Amunts K (2008) The human inferior parietal lobule in stereotaxic space. Brain Struct Funct 212(6):481–495. doi:10.1007/s00429-008-0195-z
Creutzfeldt OD (1983) Cortex cerebri. Leistung, strukturelle und funktionelle Organisation der Hirnrinde. Springer, Berlin
Eickhoff SB, Rottschy C, Kujovic M, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K (2008) Organizational principles of human visual cortex revealed by receptor mapping. Cereb Cortex 18(11):2637–2645. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn024
Elliot Smith G (1907) A new topographical survey of the human cerebral cortex, being an account of the distribution of the anatomically distinct cortical areas and their relationship to the cerebral sulci. J Anat Physiol 41(Pt 4):237–254
Flores A (1911) Die Myeloarchitektonik und die Myelogenic des Cortex Cerebri beim Igel. J Psychol Neurol 17:215–247
Foerster O (1936) Motorische Felder und Bahnen. Sensible cortical Felder. In: Bumke O, Foerster O (eds) Handbuch der Neurologie, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–448
Gerhardt E (1938) Der lsocortex parietalis beim Schimpanzen. J Psychol Neurol 48:329–386
Gerhardt E (1940) Die Cytoarchitektonik des Isocortex parietalis beim Menschen. J Psychol Neurol 49:367–419
Geyer S, Ledberg A, Schleicher A, Kinomura S, Schormann T, Burgel U, Klingberg T, Larsson J, Zilles K, Roland PE (1996) Two different areas within the primary motor cortex of man. Nature 382(6594):805–807. doi:10.1038/382805a0
Geyer S, Weiss M, Reimann K, Lohmann G, Turner R (2011) Microstructural parcellation of the human cerebral cortex—from Brodmann’s post-mortem map to in vivo mapping with high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Front Hum Neurosci 5:19. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00019
Glasser MF, Van Essen DC (2011) Mapping human cortical areas in vivo based on myelin content as revealed by T1- and T2-weighted MRI. J Neurosci 31(32):11597–11616. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2180-11.2011
Hadjikani N, Liu AK, Dale AM, Cavavanagh P, Tootell RB (1998) Retinotopy and color sensitivity in human visual cortical area V8. Nat Neurosci 1:235–241
Hopf A (1954a) Die Myeloarchitektonik des Isocortex temporalis beim Menschen. J Hirnforsch 1:208–279
Hopf A (1954b) Die Myeloarchitektonik des Isocortex temporalis beim Menschen. J Hirnforsch 1:443–496
Hopf A (1955) Über die Verteilung myeloarchitektonischer Merkmale in der isokortikalen Schläfenlappenrinde beim Menschen. J Hirnforsch 2:36–54
Hopf A (1956) Über die Verteilung myeloarchitektonischer Merkmale in der Stirnhirnrinde beim Menschen. J Hirnforsch 2(4):311–333
Hopf A (1966) Über eine Methode zur objektiven Registrierung der Myeloarchitektonik der Hirnrinde. J Hirnforsch 8(4):301–313
Hopf A (1968a) Photometric studies on the myeloarchitecture of the human temporal lobe. J Hirnforsch 10(4):285–297
Hopf A (1968b) Registration of the myeloarchitecture of the human frontal lobe with an extinction method. J Hirnforsch 10(3):259–269
Hopf A (1969) Photometric studies on the myeloarchitecture of the human parietal lobe. I. Parietal region. J Hirnforsch 11(4):253–265
Hopf A (1970a) Oskar Vogt. 100th anniversary of his birthday. J Hirnforsch 12(1):1–10
Hopf A (1970b) Photometric studies on the myeloarchitecture of the human parietal lobe. II. Postcentral region. J Hirnforsch 12(1):135–141
Hopf A, Vitzthum HG (1957) Uber die Verteilung myeloarchitektonischer Merkmale in der Scheitellappenrinde beim Menschen. J Hirnforsch 3(2–3):79–104
Johansen-Berg H, Behrens TE, Robson MD, Drobnjak I, Rushworth MF, Brady JM, Smith SM, Higham DJ, Matthews PM (2004) Changes in connectivity profiles define functionally distinct regions in human medial frontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(36):13335–13340. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403743101
Jones EG (1987) Brodmann’s areas. In: Adelman G (ed) Encyclopedia of neurosciences, vol 1., BirkhäuserBoston, Basel, pp 180–181
Jones EG (2003) Two minds. Nature 421(6918):19–20
Jones EG (2008) Cortical maps and modern phrenology. Brain 131(8):2227–2233
Jones EG, Burton H (1976) Areal differences in the laminar distribution of thalamic afferents in cortical fields of the insular, parietal and temporal regions of primates. J Comp Neurol 168(2):197–247. doi:10.1002/cne.901680203
Kaas JH (2002) Neocortex. In: Ramachandran VS (ed) Encyclopedia of the human brain, vol 3. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 291–303
Kaes T (1907) Die grosshirnrinde des menschen in ihren Massen und in ihrem Fasergehalt. Ein gehirnanatomischer Atlas. G. Fischer, Jena
Klatzo I (2002) Cécile and Oskar Vogt: the visionaries of modern neuroscience. Springer, Wien
Kleist K (1934) Gehirnpathologie. J.A. Barth, Leipzig
Kurth F, Eickhoff SB, Schleicher A, Hoemke L, Zilles K, Amunts K (2010) Cytoarchitecture and probabilistic maps of the human posterior insular cortex. Cereb Cortex 20(6):1448–1461. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp208
Lashley KS, Clark G (1946) The cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex of Ateles; a critical examination of architectonic studies. J Comp Neurol 85(2):223–305
Le Gros Clark WE (1952) A note on cortical cyto-architectonics. Brain 75(1):96–104
Lungwitz W (1937) Zur myeloarchitektonischen Untergliederung der menschlichen Area praeoccipitalis (Area 19 Brodmann). J Psychol Neurol 47:607–639
Mauss F (1908) Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung der Grosshirnrinde. J Psychol Neurol 13:263–325
Mauss F (1911) Die faserarchitektonische Gliederung des Cortex cerebri der anthropomorphen Affen. J Psychol Neurol 18:410–467
Mesulam M (2012) The evolving landscape of human cortical connectivity: facts and inferences. Neuroimage. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.033 (online 22 Dec 2011)
Meynert T (1884) Psychiatrie: Klinik der Erkrankungen des Vorderhirns begründet auf dessen Bau, Leistungen und Ernährung. W. Braumüller, Wein
Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, van Huijzen C (2008) The human central nervous system. Springer, Heidelberg
Öngür D, Ferry AT, Price JL (2003) Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. J Comp Neurol 460(3):425–449. doi:10.1002/cne.10609
Palomero-Gallagher N, Mohlberg H, Zilles K, Vogt B (2008) Cytology and receptor architecture of human anterior cingulate cortex. J Comp Neurol 508(6):906–926. doi:10.1002/cne.21684
Passingham RE, Stephan KE, Kotter R (2002) The anatomical basis of functional localization in the cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 3(8):606–616. doi:10.1038/nrn893
Press WA, Brewer AA, Dougherty RF, Wade AR, Wandell BA (2001) Visual areas and spatial summation in human visual cortex. Vis Res 41(10–11):1321–1332
Roland PE, Zilles K (1998) Structural divisions and functional fields in the human cerebral cortex. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 26(2–3):87–105
Rose JE, Woolsey CN (1948) Structure and relations of limbic cortex and anterior thalamic nuclei in rabbit and cat. J Comp Neurol 89(3):279–347. doi:10.1002/cne.900890307
Rose JE, Woolsey CN (1949) The relations of thalamic connections, cellular structure and evocable electrical activity in the auditory region of the cat. J Comp Neurol 91(3):441–466
Sanides F (1962) Die Architektonik des menschlichen Stirnhirns. In: Müller M, Spatz H, Vogel P (eds) Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Neurologie und Psychiatrie, vol 98. Springer, Berlin
Sanides F (1964) The cyto-myeloarchitecture of the human frontal lobe and its relation to phylogenetic differentiation of the cerebral cortex. J Hirnforsch 47:269–282
Sarkissov S, Filimonoff I, Kononowa E, Preobraschenskaja I, Kukuew L (1955) Atlas of the cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex. Medgiz 20, Moscow
Scheperjans F, Eickhoff SB, Homke L, Mohlberg H, Hermann K, Amunts K, Zilles K (2008a) Probabilistic maps, morphometry, and variability of cytoarchitectonic areas in the human superior parietal cortex. Cereb Cortex 18(9):2141–2157. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm241
Scheperjans F, Hermann K, Eickhoff SB, Amunts K, Schleicher A, Zilles K (2008b) Observer-independent cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human superior parietal cortex. Cereb Cortex 18(4):846–867. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm116
Seltzer B, Pandya DN (1978) Afferent cortical connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus and surrounding cortex in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 149(1):1–24
Stephan KE, Kamper L, Bozkurt A, Burns GA, Young MP, Kötter R (2001) Advanced database methodology for the Collation of Connectivity data on the Macaque brain (CoCoMac). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 356(1412):1159–1186. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0908
Strasburger EH (1937a) Die myeloarchitektonische Gliederung des Stirnhirns beim Menschen und Schimpansen—I. J Psychol Neurol 47:460–491
Strasburger EH (1937b) Die myeloarchitektonische Gliederung des Stirnhirns beim Menschen und Schimpansen—II. J Psychol Neurol 47:565–606
Strasburger EH (1938) Vergleichende myeloarchitektonische Studien an der erweiterten Brocaschen Region des Menschen. J Psychol Neurol 48:477–511
Uttal WR (2001) The new phrenology: the limits of localizing cognitive processes in the brain. MIT Press, Cambridge
Uylings HB, Sanz-Arigita EJ, de Vos K, Pool CW, Evers P, Rajkowska G (2010) 3-D cytoarchitectonic parcellation of human orbitofrontal cortex correlation with postmortem MRI. Psychiatry Res 183(1):1–20. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.04.012
Van Essen DC (2006) SumsDB (2006). http://sumsdb.wustl.edu:8081/sums/index.jsp
Vogt O (1903) Zur anatomischen Gliederung des Cortex cerebri. J Psychol Neurol 2:160–180
Vogt O (1906) Über strukturelle Hirnzentra mit besonderer Berücksichtingung der strukturellen Felder des Cortex pallii. Anat Anz 29:74–114
Vogt O (1910a) Die myeloarchitektonische Felderung des Menschlichen Stirnhirns. J Psychol Neurol 15:221–232
Vogt O (1910b) Considerations generales sur la myelo-architecture du lobe frontal. Rev Neurol 19:405–420
Vogt O (1911) Die myeloarchitektonik des isocortex parietalis. J Psychol Neurol 18:379–390
Vogt O (1918) Korbinian Brodmann. J Psychol Neurol 24:I–X
Vogt O (1923) Furchenbildung und Architectonische Rindenfelderung. J Psychol Neurol 29:438–439
Vogt O (1927) Architektonik der menschlichen Hirnrinde. Jahresversammlung d. deutschen Verein fuer Psychiatrie Düsseldorf, 23./24.9.1926. Allg Z Psychiat 86:247–266
Vogt M (1928a) Über omnilaminaire Strukturdifferenzen und lineare Grenzen der architektonischen Felder der hinteren Zentralwindung des Menschen. J Psychol Neurol 35:177–193
Vogt M (1928b) Erwiderung zu dem vorstehenden Aufsatz von Economos. J Psychol Neurol 36:320–322
Vogt O (1943) Der heutigen Stand der cerebralen Organologie und die zukünftige Hirnforschung. Anat Anz 94:49–73
Vogt O (1951) Die anatomische Vertiefung der menschlichen Hirnlokalisation. Klin Wochenschr 29(7–8):111–125
Vogt C, Vogt O (1907) Zur Kenntnis der elektrisch erregbaren Hirnrindengebiete bei den Säugetieren. J Psychol Neurol 8:277–456
Vogt C, Vogt O (1911) Nouvelle contribution à l’étude de la myéloarchitecture de l’écorce cérébrale. XX. Congres des médecins aliénistes et neurologistes de France, Brüssel
Vogt C, Vogt O (1919) Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung. J Psychol Neurol 25:279–468
Vogt O, Vogt C (1922) Erkrankungen der Grosshirnrinde im Lichte der Topistik, Pathoklise und Pathoarchitektonik. J Psychol Neurol 28:8–171
Vogt C, Vogt O (1928) Die Grundlagen und die Teildisziplinen der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Zentralnervensystems. In: Handbuch des mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen, vol 4 Teil 1. Springer, Berlin, pp 448–477
Vogt C, Vogt O (1929) Űber die Neuheit und den Wert des Pathoklisen begriffes. J Psychol Neurol 38:147–154
Vogt C, Vogt O (1936) Sitz und Wesen der Krankheiten im Lichte der topistischen Hirnforschung und des Variierens der Tiere. J Psychol Neurol 47:237–457
Vogt C, Vogt O (1942) Morphologische Gestaltungen unter normalen und pathogenen Bedingüngen. J Psychol Neurol 50:161–524
Vogt C, Vogt O (1954) Gestaltung der topistischen Hirnforschung und ihre Forderung durch den Hirnbau und seine Anomalien. J Hirnforsch 1:1–46
Vogt C, Vogt O (1956) Weitere Ausführungen zum Arbeitsprogramm des Hirnforschungsinstitutes in Neustadt/Schwarzwald. J Hirnforsch 2:403–427
Von Economo C (1928) Bemerkungen zu dem Aufsatz von Marthe Vogt. J Psychol Neurol 36:320–322
Von Economo C (2009) Cellular structure of the human cerebral cortex. Triarhou, L.C. (translator) edn. Karger, Basel
Von Economo C, Koskinas GN (1925) Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen. Springer, Wien
Wandell BA, Dumoulin SO, Brewer AA (2007) Visual field maps in human cortex. Neuron 56(2):366–383. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.012
Zilles K, Amunts K (2009) Receptor mapping: architecture of the human cerebral cortex. Curr Opin Neurol 22(4):331–339. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32832d95db
Zilles K, Amunts K (2010) Centenary of Brodmann’s map conception and fate. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:139–145. doi:10.1038/nrn2776
Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N (2001) Cyto-, myelo- and receptor architectonics of the human parietal cortex. NeuroImage 14:8–20
Acknowledgments
The author thanks Drs. Bob Turner and Karl Zilles for critically reading an earlier version of this paper, Mr. Ton Put for help with the illustrations, and Suzanne Bakker M.Sc. for moral support and reference management. Finally, the author wants to acknowledge especially the invaluable and continuous assistance of Dr. Jenneke Kruisbrink, the librarian of our Institute. Without her help, this article would not have been possible.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nieuwenhuys, R. The myeloarchitectonic studies on the human cerebral cortex of the Vogt–Vogt school, and their significance for the interpretation of functional neuroimaging data. Brain Struct Funct 218, 303–352 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-012-0460-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-012-0460-z