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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants

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An Erratum to this article was published on 02 July 2015

Abstract

Being a major factory for protein synthesis, assembly, and export, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a precise and robust ER quality control (ERQC) system monitoring its product line. However, when organisms are subjected to environmental stress, whether biotic or abiotic, the levels of misfolded proteins may overwhelm the ERQC system, tilting the balance between the capacity of and demand for ER quality control and resulting in a scenario termed ER stress. Intense or prolonged ER stress may cause damage to the ER as well as to other organelles, or even lead to cell death in extreme cases. To avoid such serious consequences, cells activate self-rescue programs to restore protein homeostasis in the ER, either through the enhancement of protein-folding and degradation competence or by alleviating the demands for such reactions. These are collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Long investigated in mammalian cells and yeasts, the UPR is also of great interest to plant scientists. Among the three branches of UPR discovered in mammals, two have been studied in plants with plant homologs existing of the ER-membrane-associated activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of these two types of UPR in plants, as well as the consequences of insufficient UPR, with a focus on experiments using model plants.

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Acknowledgments

This review article is developed from Literature Review of a Final Year Project of MBT Program of School of Life Sciences. Research in our Laboratory has been supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (CUHK466613, CUHK2/CRF/11G, C4011-14R, and AoE/M-05/12) and NSFC (31470294).

Conflicts of interest

The author’s declare that they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Biotechnology Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China

    Shucen Wan

  2. Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China

    Liwen Jiang

  3. School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China

    Shucen Wan & Liwen Jiang

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  1. Shucen Wan
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  2. Liwen Jiang
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Correspondence to Shucen Wan or Liwen Jiang.

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Wan, S., Jiang, L. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants. Protoplasma 253, 753–764 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0842-1

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