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Polyamine catabolism in carcinogenesis: potential targets for chemotherapy and chemoprevention

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Abstract

Polyamines, including spermine, spermidine, and the precursor diamine, putrescine, are naturally occurring polycationic alkylamines that are required for eukaryotic cell growth, differentiation, and survival. This absolute requirement for polyamines and the need to maintain intracellular levels within specific ranges require a highly regulated metabolic pathway primed for rapid changes in response to cellular growth signals, environmental changes, and stress. Although the polyamine metabolic pathway is strictly regulated in normal cells, dysregulation of polyamine metabolism is a frequent event in cancer. Recent studies suggest that the polyamine catabolic pathway may be involved in the etiology of some epithelial cancers. The catabolism of spermine to spermidine utilizes either the one-step enzymatic reaction of spermine oxidase (SMO) or the two-step process of spermidine/spermine N 1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) coupled with the peroxisomal enzyme N 1-acetylpolyamine oxidase. Both catabolic pathways produce hydrogen peroxide and a reactive aldehyde that are capable of damaging DNA and other critical cellular components. The catabolic pathway also depletes the intracellular concentrations of spermidine and spermine, which are free radical scavengers. Consequently, the polyamine catabolic pathway in general and specifically SMO and SSAT provide exciting new targets for chemoprevention and/or chemotherapy.

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Acknowledgments

Portions of the work described in this manuscript were supported by the NIEHS T32 training grant ES07141 and NCI grants CA51085 and CA98454.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bunting Blaustein Bldg., Room 551, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Valentina Battaglia, Christina DeStefano Shields, Tracy Murray-Stewart & Robert A. Casero Jr.

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy

    Valentina Battaglia

  3. Program in Molecular and Translational Toxicology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA

    Christina DeStefano Shields

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  1. Valentina Battaglia
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  2. Christina DeStefano Shields
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  4. Robert A. Casero Jr.
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Correspondence to Robert A. Casero Jr..

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V. Battaglia and C. DeStefano Shields contributed equally to this work.

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Battaglia, V., DeStefano Shields, C., Murray-Stewart, T. et al. Polyamine catabolism in carcinogenesis: potential targets for chemotherapy and chemoprevention. Amino Acids 46, 511–519 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-013-1529-6

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