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A global approach to crop wild relative conservation: securing the gene pool for food and agriculture

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Summary

In light of the growing concern over the potentially devastating impacts on biodiversity and food security of climate change and the massively growing world population, taking action to conserve crop wild relatives (CWR), is no longer an option — it is a priority. Crop wild relatives are species closely related to crops, including their progenitors, many of which have the potential to contribute beneficial traits to crops, such as pest or disease resistance, yield improvement or stability. They are a critical component of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA), have already made major contributions to crop production and are vital for future food security; their systematic conservation in ways that ensure their continuing availability for use is therefore imperative. This is a complex, interdisciplinary, global issue that has been addressed by various national and international initiatives. Drawing on the lessons learnt from these initiatives we can now propose a global approach to CWR conservation, the key elements of which are: (1) estimating global CWR numbers, (2) assessment of the global importance of CWR diversity, (3) current conservation status, (4) threats to CWR diversity, (5) systematic approaches to CWR conservation, (6) CWR informatics, and (7) enhancing the use of CWR diversity.

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Notes

  1. Synonymous terms include ‘genetic reserve management units’ (GRMUs), ‘gene management zones’ (GMZs), ‘gene sanctuaries’ or ‘genetic sanctuaries’ and ‘crop reservations’.

  2. It should be noted that both multi-species and single species reserves have advantages and disadvantages and much more experience is needed to be able to draw conclusions as to which is preferable (see discussion in Heywood & Dulloo 2006: 40 – 41).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    Nigel Maxted, Shelagh Kell & Brian Ford-Lloyd

  2. FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy

    Álvaro Toledo

  3. Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari 472/a, 00057, Maccarese (Fiumicino), Rome, Italy

    Ehsan Dulloo, Toby Hodgkin & Danny Hunter

  4. School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK

    Vernon Heywood

  5. Global Crop Diversity Trust, c/o FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy

    Luigi Guarino

  6. International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo, 6713, Cali, Colombia

    Andy Jarvis

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Appendix 1. Suggestions for improvement of CWR conservation in the next 10 years

Appendix 1. Suggestions for improvement of CWR conservation in the next 10 years

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Maxted, N., Kell, S., Toledo, Á. et al. A global approach to crop wild relative conservation: securing the gene pool for food and agriculture. Kew Bull 65, 561–576 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-011-9253-4

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