Research noteThe arginine dihydrolase pathway is present in Giardia intestinalis
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Anaerobic energy metabolism in human microaerophile parasites
2023, Experimental ParasitologyRetortamonads from vertebrate hosts share features of anaerobic metabolism and pre-adaptations to parasitism with diplomonads
2021, Parasitology InternationalGiardia duodenalis: Role of secreted molecules as virulent factors in the cytotoxic effect on epithelial cells
2019, Advances in ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :It is intriguing why assemblages A and E do not have these sequences but demonstrate a more advantageous use of arginine as an ATP source. In trophozoite cytosol, ADHP carries out the conversions arginine → citrulline → ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate → carbon dioxide + ammonia through the activity of three enzymes: arginine deiminase (gADI), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (gOCT) and carbamate kinase (gCK) (Schofield et al., 1990). During interactions of trophozoites with Caco-2 monolayers the expression of ck gene is always down-regulated while adi mRNA exhibits an expression profile similar to eno and pgk, i.e., up-regulated at 1.5 h post infection then down-regulated by 6 and 18 h (Ringqvist et al., 2011).
<sup>1</sup>H HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy to study the metabolome of the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia
2018, TalantaCitation Excerpt :The high content of alanine is in accordance with its expected formation as major end product from energy metabolism under anaerobic conditions [11]. Likewise, the relatively high content of ornithine indicates notable activity of the arginine dehydrolase pathway for energy production [15]. Another compound in confluent trophozoites potentially affecting the host is TMA.
Physiological aspects of nitro drug resistance in Giardia lamblia
2018, International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug ResistanceProtozoan Diseases: Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis, and Other Intestinal Protozoan Diseases
2016, International Encyclopedia of Public Health