Microglia are the major cell type expressing MHC class II in human white matter
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2021, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :When microglia become activated in response to disturbances in the milieu, they respond by undergoing proliferation, morphogenesis and an increase in cell volume, in addition to extension of their processes (Akiyama and McGeer, 1989; Streit et al., 1988). While microglia are not considered dendritic cells per se, they are the primary MHC II-expressing APCs in the brain parenchyma (Wong et al., 1984; Suzumura et al., 1987; Hayes et al., 1987), and are able to express MHC I surface glycoproteins as well (Akiyama et al., 1988; Streit et al., 1989; Estrada et al., 2019). Microglia like macrophages and dendritic cells also use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to survey the environment, and act to prevent excessive neuronal damage (Perry et al., 2010).
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2021, Human ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :Once primed, CD4+ T cells may differentiate into distinct Th lineages after recognizing their cognate antigen in the CNS [85]. Microglia are the predominant cell type expressing MHC-II in the CNS [86] and may act as APCs and modulate the reactivity of incoming T cells. Under steady-state conditions, microglia express low levels of MHC-II, but expression is increased upon activation [87].
Cien Años de Microglía: Milestones in a Century of Microglial Research
2019, Trends in NeurosciencesCitation Excerpt :Cell culture studies also revealed that microglia are capable of expressing molecules for immune interaction, such as MHC-I, which participates in antigen presentation to T lymphocytes [21]. MHC-I was also found in parenchymal cells in postmortem tissue of multiple sclerosis patients using a pan macrophage marker that did not distinguish between intrinsic microglia and monocytes invading from the periphery, but nonetheless suggested that microglia could be the partners of invading T cells in this disease [22]. At that time, in 1988, the Kreutzberg group published the first review (to our knowledge) on microglia since the one by Río-Hortega in 1932, and organized the first conference devoted to these cells (Methods in Microglial Research, 1992) summarizing their known functions and providing a vision of where the field should be going [23].