Electron microscopic studies of bacteriophage φ X174 intact and ‘eclipsing’ particles, and the genome by the staining and shadowing method
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Antimicrobial photocatalytic PANI based-composites for biomedical applications
2024, Synthetic MetalsEngineering laminated paper for SARS-CoV-2 medical gowns
2021, PolymerCitation Excerpt :Virus sizes usually range between 24 and 200 nm. The Phi-X174 bacteriophage tested here was reported to have an icosahedral shape with external spikes on each vertex, with a diameter of 25 nm excluding the spikes [37]. This virus particle is reported to be 34 ± 2 nm in size, including the spikes [38].
Geminivirus structure and assembly
2020, Advances in Virus ResearchCitation Excerpt :A similar fivefold pore is found in other ssDNA packaging viruses (Khayat et al., 2011; McKenna et al., 1992; Mietzsch et al., 2019). For the Microviridae and Parvoviridae this channel is reported to play a role in genome packaging and release (Bernal et al., 2003; Bleker et al., 2005; Plevka et al., 2011; Yazaki, 1981). There is however no reported evidence for geminivirus genome packaging or release through the fivefold pore.
Asymmetry in icosahedral viruses
2019, Current Opinion in VirologyCitation Excerpt :In vitro eclipse can be triggered by exposing particles to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or metal ions such as Ca2+ [36–38]. Calcium eclipsed particles lose genome through the fivefold pore [39,40]. A novel function has been discovered for the asymmetrically incorporated protein H, ten copies of which self-assembly into a tube that is long enough to span the host’s cell wall and wide enough, 22 Å, to accommodate passage of the circular DNA genome [41].
Transport and fate of viruses in sediment and stormwater from a Managed Aquifer Recharge site
2017, Journal of HydrologyCitation Excerpt :Previous studies have demonstrated that roughness height and fraction, and positive zeta potential and fraction, at a specific location on the collector (sand) surface can significantly reduce the magnitude of the energy barrier to attachment and the depth of the primary minimum for viruses (Bradford et al., 2017; Bradford and Torkzaban, 2013, 2015; Sasidharan et al., 2017b; Torkzaban and Bradford, 2016). In contrast to smooth latex nanoparticles, the virus exhibits chemical (e.g., lipid membrane and protein coat) (Meder et al., 2013) and physical heterogeneity (e.g., spikes and tail) (Huiskonen et al., 2007; Kazumori, 1981) on their surface. The combination of physical and chemical heterogeneities on both virus and collector surfaces apparently created a shallow primary minimum with negligible energy barrier to attachment and detachment for viruses, and thus, only a very small fraction of the collector surface contributed to Sf.
Temperature dependency of virus and nanoparticle transport and retention in saturated porous media
2017, Journal of Contaminant HydrologyCitation Excerpt :Additional XDLVO calculations on physically and chemically heterogeneous sand were, therefore, conducted in an attempt to explain the observed temperature dependency of virus and latex NP retention. We acknowledge that the virus exhibits chemical (protein coat and lipid membrane) (Meder et al., 2013) and physical heterogeneity (spikes) (Huiskonen et al., 2007; Kazumori, 1981) on their surface but this has been not characterized very well. Similar to many previous studies, we therefore only consider XDLVO calculations on a hypothetical solid-water-interface (Castro and Tufenkji, 2007; Loveland et al., 1996; Wong et al., 2014).