A role for norepinephrine in arousal, emotion and learning?: Limbic modulation by norepinephrine and the kety hypothesis

doi:10.1016/0278-5846(87)90015-7

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

Volume 11, Issue 4, 1987, Pages 419-458

https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(87)90015-7 Get rights and content

Abstract

Harley, Carolyn W.: A role for norepinephrine in arousal, emotion and learning?: Limbic modulation by norepinephrine and the Kety hypothesis. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1987, $11$ : 419–458

1.
1. Kety hypothesized that forebrain norepinephrine acted to selectively enhance cell firing in neurons receiving environmental inputs during affectively important events. He further suggested that norepinephrine could act to induce a ‘persistent facilitation’ of the inputs which accompany affectively important events and would thus promote a memory for these events.
2.
2. The electrophysiological actions of norepinephrine at the time Kety proposed his hypothesis were thought to be inhibitory. More recent evidence has demonstrated that norepinephrine in neocortex and cerebellum enhances both excitatory and inhibitory evoked activity much as Kety proposed. This has been termed norepinephrine neuromodulation.
3.
3. The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system which gives rise to neocortical and cerebellar norepinephrine innervation also innervates, even more densely, areas of the limbic system. A review of norepinephrine actions, particularly in limbic cortex, indicates that locus coeruleus-norepinephrine also enhances transmission of evoked inputs in these structures.
4.
4. A long-lasting enhancement of evoked inputs by locus coeruleus-norepinephrine has been demonstrated in the hippocampus. This long-lasting enhancement of inputs is reviewed in detail since it appears to directly support Kety's hypothesized ‘persistent facilitation’ effect of norepinephrine. It is suggested that norepinephrine-induced long-lasting enhancement may underlie numerous demonstrations of norepinephrine-dependent memory and neural plasticity in the forebrain.
5.
5. The relationship of norepinephrine neuromodulation to possible candidate mechanisms and to activation of specific norepinephrine receptors is briefly discussed.

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A role for norepinephrine in arousal, emotion and learning?: Limbic modulation by norepinephrine and the kety hypothesis

Abstract

Brain Res.

Peptides

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Neuroscience

Neuroscience Res.

Neurosci. Lett.

Neurosci.

Neuroscience

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Neuropharmacology

Exp. Neurol.

Neuropharm.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Brain Res.

Life Sci.

Exper. Neurol.

Location and identification of excitatory synapses on hippocampal pyramids

Exp. Brain Res.

Unit analysis of the hippocampal population spike

Exp. Brain Res.

Effects of ionophoresed noradrenaline on the spontaneous activity of neurones in rat primary somatosensory cortex

J. Physiol. (Lond)

Noradrenergic modulation of neuronal transmission between the entorhinal cortex and the dentate gyrus of the rat

J. Physiol.

Activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in the sleep-waking cycles

J. Neurosci.

Norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats exhibit pronounced responses to non-noxious environmental stimuli

J. Neurosci.

Modulation of visual cortical plasticity by acetylcholine and noradrenaline

Nature

Effects of stimulation of locus coeruleus on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus

Spontaneous and neurally evoked release of labelled noradrenaline from rabbit olfactory bulbs in vivo

J. Physiol.

An input from locus coeruleus is necessary for discharge modification of avian lateral geniculate neurons during visual learning

Neurosci. Abst.

Microelectrophoretic study of responses of the rabbit amygdaloid neurons to acetylcholine and noradrenaline

Netrofiziologiya

Involvement of avian amygdala homolog (archistriatum posterior and mediale) in defensively conditioned heart rate change

J. Comp. Neurol.

Is locus coeruleus involved in plasticity of lateral geniculate neurons during learning

Neurosci. Abst.

Excitatory and inhibitory effects of noradrenaline on synaptic transmission in the rat olfactory cortex slice

Brain Res.

Intracranial self-stimulation in relation to the ascending noradrenergic fiber systems of the pontine tegmentum and caudal midbrain: A moveable electrode mapping study

Brain Res.

Glutamate and aspartate as hippocampal transmitters: Biochemical and pharmacological evidence

Action of norepinephrine in the dentate gyrus. I. Stimulation of locus coeruleus

Exp. Brain Res.

Conditioning-specific membrane-changes of rabbit hippocampal-neurons measured in vitro

PNAS US 83

Long term changes in neuronal excitability in cat somatosensory cortex following iontophoretic applications of glutamate and acetylcholine

Neurosci. Lett. Supp.

Catecholamine innervation of the basal forebrain. II. Amygdala, suprarhinal cortex and entorhinal cortex

J. Comp. Neurol.

Spontaneous and neurally evoked release of labelled noradrenaline from rabbit olfactory bulbs $in vivo$

Conditioning-specific membrane-changes of rabbit hippocampal-neurons measured $in vitro$