The Role of NADH:Fe(III)EDTA Oxidoreductase in Ethylene Formation from 2-Keto-4-Methylthiobutyrate

doi:10.1016/0922-338X(90)90107-8

Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering

Volume 69, Issue 5, 1990, Pages 287-291

Journal of Fermentat...

https://doi.org/10.1016/0922-338X(90)90107-8 Get rights and content

Abstract

A mechanism for the formation of ethylene from 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA), a deaminated derivative of l-methionine, was studied with NADH:Fe(III)EDTA oxidoreductase purified from Cryptococcus albidus IFO 0939. The characteristics of the reactions catalyzing the NADH:Fe(III)EDTA oxidoreduction and the formation of ethylene were compared and found to be almost identical. A chemical ethylene-forming system, composed of Fe(II)EDTA, KMBA and oxygen, was constructed and the characteristics of the formation of ethylene were compared with those of the enzymatic reaction. Both the enzymatic and the chemical ethylene-forming reactions were strongly inhibited by scavengers of free radicals, such as benzoic acid, hydroquinone and catalase, and both were activated by H₂O₂. From these results, we propose the following mechanism for the formation of ethylene from KMBA. The first step involves the NADH:Fe(III)EDTA oxidoreduction that is catalyzed by NADH:Fe(III)EDTA oxidoreductase, with Fe(II)EDTA always being supplied as the result. Oxidation of Fe(II)EDTA by molecular oxygen yields the superoxide radical anion (O₂^{$. ̄$}) which can undergo the dismutation reaction to form hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide in turn can react with Fe²⁺ via the Fenton reaction, generating the hydroxyl radical (OH^•), which can serve as an oxidizing agent in the oxidation of KMBA to ethylene. The role of the activity of NADH:Fe(III)EDTA oxidoreductase in the formation of ethylene from KMBA in vivo is discussed.

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Measuring light-induced fungal ethylene production enables non-destructive diagnosis of disease occurrence in harvested fruits
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Citation Excerpt :
It might be possible to diagnose disease occurrence by measuring the presence of fungal ET emission in plant pathosystems, although this seems to be challenging. Biochemical analyses revealed that the KMBA secreted into the medium of fungal cultures can be either immediately oxidized to ET upon exposure to light, or gradually oxidized by hydroxyl radicals in the absence of light (Ogawa, Takahashi, Fujii, Tazaki, & Fukuda, 1990). More remarkably, our previous study found that the B. cinerea-grape pathosystem had higher ET emissions in light compared to dark condition; while by contrast, no significant difference in ET production was measured in healthy grapes between light and dark treatments (Zhu, Xu, Zhang, Toyoda, & Gan, 2012).
Pathogenic fungi cause enormous losses to fruits, and ethylene (ET) is associated with disease development in fruit crops. In this study, ET production of several fungal pathogens was enhanced by light, probably through the free radicals produced by photochemical reactions. Real-time gas analysis showed a sharp increase in ET production when fungal cultures were moved from dark-to-light (DTL). Similarly, light accelerated ET production in the Botrytis cinerea-infected Arabidopsis thaliana plants even when pyrazinamide, the inhibitor for plant ET synthesis, was applied, suggesting that the fungus is responsible for ET production during host invasion. Furthermore, a sharp increase in ET production after DTL transition was observed in B. cinerea-infected tomatoes and grapes, but not in healthy or physically wounded fruits. Taken together, these findings indicate that the DTL-induced ET is specific to the plant materials with fungal infection, and thus represents a candidate marker for non-destructive disease diagnosis of harvested fruits.
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Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering

Abstract

References (15)

The biogenesis of ethylene in Penicillium digitatum

Arch. Biophys.

Ethylene production from l-methionine by Cryptococcus albidus

J. Ferment. Bioeng.

Ethylene from 2-keto-4-thiomethylbutyric acid; the Haber-Weiss reaction

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

Synergistic interactions between NADPH-cytochrome-450 reductase, paraquat, and iron in the generation of active oxygen radicals

Biochem. Pharmacol.

Evaluation of the role of methional, 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid and peroxidase in ethylene formation by Escherichia coli

J. Gen. Microbiol.

Ethylene formation by cultures of Escherichia coli

Arch. Microbiol.

Ethylene formation by cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli

Arch. Microbiol.

Cited by (25)

Measuring light-induced fungal ethylene production enables non-destructive diagnosis of disease occurrence in harvested fruits

Engineered Cyanobacteria: Research and Application in Bioenergy

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-dependent biosynthesis of ethylene in soils of different texture

Influence of nitrogen and carbon dioxide on ethylene and methane production in two different forest soils

Plant Growth-Regulating Substances in the Rhizosphere: Microbial Production and Functions

Two reactions are simultaneously catalyzed by a single enzyme: The arginine-dependent simultaneous formation of two products, ethylene and succinate, from 2-oxoglutarate by an enzyme from Pseudomonas syringae