Research review paperBreaking the frontiers of cosmetology with antimicrobial peptides
Section snippets
Antimicrobial peptides and scope of applications in health
Antibiotics were originally isolated from fungi and bacteria, and since then have evolved, through intensive research and development, into chemically synthesized, and optimized, molecules (Yan and Baran, 2016). These compounds have been saving millions of lives and reducing patient suffering for more than 60 years, and are partly responsible for the considerable increase in worldwide life expectancy observed since the early 20th century. However, antibiotic resistance has also accompanied the
AMP potential in the development of new cosmetics
As described and investigated by Clausen and Agner (2016), and also by others, AMPs have a paramount role in skin barrier and function, being abundantly produced in the skin in response to a wide variety of stimuli, such as specific cytokines, bacterial components, and inflammation, according to each peptide.
AMPs have the ability to kill, or inhibit the growth of, various microorganisms. This can also be an important feature for novel cosmetics, considering the increasing awareness of the
SWOT analysis: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
Peptides have long been considered inappropriate for drug development, due to the presence of more than 600 proteases described in the human body, as well as to a general perception of their supposed inferiority to small molecules (Uhlig et al., 2014). Despite such lack of attention, several peptides are being commercialized for a variety of applications, in areas such as cardiovascular diseases, oncology, and cosmetology.
As revealed by the various properties AMPs can exhibit in vitro and in
Design of new antimicrobial peptides with cosmetic potential
To develop new AMPs focusing on the combination of antimicrobial properties and important properties of cosmetic products, rational design can be an effective strategy. For instance, several analogues of known AMPs have been generated in studies using rational AMP design (Fjell et al., 2011). In this sense, in silico design and screening may significantly contribute to reduce the number of peptides to be tested in vitro and in vivo (Chou, 2011; Rahnamaeian and Vilcinskas, 2015).
Ideally (and
Conclusion
As knowledge regarding skin biology and senescence accumulates, the development of novel and more effective anti-aging compounds is set to expand. Regardless of the cellular target, peptides have the potential to be strategically designed to promote the desired effects over a range of targets. Considering that multifunctional properties are of interest, AMPs may stand out as a class of interest, with several effects on skin already described.
The outstanding challenge is to surpass present
Funding sources
This work was supported by the Brazilian funding agencies Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF) and by the Universidade Católica de Brasília, Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT). The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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2022, Saudi Journal of Biological SciencesCitation Excerpt :According to the inflammaging theory, however, the classic hallmark of aging is chronic and subclinical low-grade inflammations. It has, thus, been postulated that the production of the danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) induces inflammation which, in turn, is induced by aging (Alencar-Silva et al., 2018; Franceschi et al., 2017; Franco et al., 2022). Similarly, the protective function of the skin is greatly affected by aging which is responsible for the inflammatory processes, skin barrier disruption, a decrease in wound repairability, and an increase in the risk of skin cancer.
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2022, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCitation Excerpt :It is worth noting that, in addition to acting against bacteria, AMPs can exhibit activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including fungi, and viruses, thus representing a relevant alternative to fight microbial infections in general (Wang et al., 2019). Moreover, an important feature of AMPs is their capacity to interact with different host receptors, rendering these molecules promising for diverse biotechnological and clinical applications (Alencar-Silva et al., 2018). The multifunctional AMPs profile also opens several possibilities for combinatorial therapies, including their combination with MSCs for regenerative and immunological purposes.
Antimicrobial peptides – Advances in development of therapeutic applications
2020, Life SciencesPotential of microalgal compounds in trending natural cosmetics: A review
2020, Sustainable Chemistry and PharmacyCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, antimicrobial peptides produced by microalgae have unique roles in skin tone, extracellular matrix homeostasis, acne management, cell renewal, skin whitening, inflammation control, induction of angiogenesis and, oxidative stress management. Although, several effective peptides for each described applications have been identified, but except for a few, microalgae producers of them have not been discovered yet (Alencar-Silva et al., 2018). The most important feature of cosmetics is that they have to be safe (Wang et al., 2015a).
Characterization and functional analysis of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) from golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758)
2020, Fish and Shellfish ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :In addition, AMPs always display an amphipathic structure that is essential for their antimicrobial activity [6]. In addition to antimicrobial activity, other functions of AMPs have been discovered, such as immune regulation, antitumour activity, and roles in angiogenesis and wound healing [10–12]. The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptides, including LEAP-1 (also known as hepcidin) and LEAP-2, belong to the class of AMPs with paired cysteine residues, as do the beta-defensins [6].