Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
New researchWhite Matter Abnormalities and Cognitive Impairment in Early-Onset Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
Section snippets
Study Participants
The details of the clinical protocol have been described in detail elsewhere.23 In brief, 162 participants ranging in age from 10 to 23 years were recruited from clinical programs at the University of Minnesota under an Institutional Review Board–approved protocol. For participants less than 18 years of age, informed consent was obtained from parents, and assent was obtained from the child. Participants more than 18 years of age provided their own consent, and their parents were consented for a
Demographics and Substance Use
Demographic and clinical characteristics are presented in Table 1. There were no significant differences in age or handedness among the 4 groups. However, CHR differed in terms of gender distribution (the majority of participants were male) compared with other groups. CUD and CHR were phenotypically similar to EOS in terms of having lower reading decoding scores compared to HC and elevated rates of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders. Twenty-four participants tested positive for cannabis on the
Discussion
This study identified 4 WM tracts that were significantly altered in EOS compared to age-matched HC, replicating previous findings of alterations in WM microstructure in adolescents and adults with schizophrenia. These 4 tracts were the bilateral CST, left ILF, and left IFOF. Alterations in bilateral CST tracts in EOS replicate an earlier finding by Douaud et al.9 CST alterations may fade as adolescents with EOS mature into adulthood4; however, the presence of these abnormalities in the CHR
References (54)
- et al.
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in schizophrenia—can white matter changes be reliably detected with VBM?
Psychiatry Res
(2011) - et al.
Disruption of hippocampal connectivity in children and adolescents with schizophrenia—a voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study
Schizophr Res
(2007) - et al.
Differential fractional anisotropy abnormalities in adolescents with ADHD or schizophrenia
Psychiatry Res
(2010) - et al.
Reduced frontal white matter integrity in early-onset schizophrenia: a preliminary study
Biol. Psychiatry
(2004) - et al.
A diffusion tensor imaging study of white matter in early-onset schizophrenia
Biol Psychiatry
(2008) - et al.
White matter abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia: a voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(2005) - et al.
White matter alterations in the corpus callosum of adolescents with first-admission schizophrenia
Neurosci. Lett
(2012) - et al.
White matter deficits in first episode schizophrenia: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
(2013) - et al.
Diffusion abnormalities in adolescents and young adults with a history of heavy cannabis use
J Psychiatr Res
(2009) - et al.
Neurocognitive profile in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia: clinical correlates
Biol Psychiatry
(2005)
Meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia
Schizophr Res
Parietal lobe volume deficits in adolescents with schizophrenia and adolescents with cannabis use disorders
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Antipsychotic dose equivalents and dose-years: a standardized method for comparing exposure to different drugs
Biol Psychiatry
White matter integrity and prediction of social and role functioning in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis
Biol Psychiatry
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children (BPRS-C): validity and reliability of an anchored version
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Reliability of MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortical thickness: the effects of field strength, scanner upgrade and manufacturer
Neuroimage
Volumetric cerebral characteristics of children exposed to opiates and other substances in utero
Neuroimage
Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL
Neuroimage
Training-induced structural changes in the adult human brain
Behav Brain Res
Probabilistic diffusion tractography with multiple fibre orientations: what can we gain?
Neuroimage
Reduced white matter integrity and cognitive deficit in never-medicated chronic schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor study using TBSS
Behav Brain Res
Age-related deficits in fronto-temporal connections in schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor imaging study
Schizophr Res
Separate visual pathways for perception and action
Trends Neurosci
Fiber anatomy of dorsal and ventral language streams
Brain Lang
Structural and functional brain correlates of subclinical psychotic symptoms in 11-13 year old schoolchildren
Neuroimage
Greater white and grey matter changes associated with early cannabis use in adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS)
Schizophr Res
White matter ‘potholes’ in early-onset schizophrenia: a new approach to evaluate white matter microstructure using diffusion tensor imaging
Psychiatry Res
Cited by (82)
Aberrant white matter microstructure detected by automatic fiber quantification in pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
2024, Multiple Sclerosis and Related DisordersNeuronal dysfunction in individuals at early stage of schizophrenia, A resting-state fMRI study
2023, Psychiatry ResearchWhite matter changes and its relationship with clinical symptom in medication-naive first-episode early onset schizophrenia
2023, Asian Journal of PsychiatryCognitive functioning in early-onset psychosis
2023, Adolescent Psychosis: Clinical and Scientific PerspectivesWhite matter alterations and the conversion to psychosis: A combined diffusion tensor imaging and glutamate <sup>1</sup>H MRS study
2022, Schizophrenia ResearchCitation Excerpt :Previous DTI studies have reported widespread white matter abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia (Chiappelli et al., 2015; Kochunov et al., 2014; Kochunov et al., 2017; Vitolo et al., 2017), including studies in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis patients (Alvarado-Alanis et al., 2015; Cheung et al., 2008; Ebdrup et al., 2016; Perez-Iglesias et al., 2010; Serpa et al., 2017). With respect to CHR, cross-sectional studies have found augmented (Schmidt et al., 2015), diminished (Epstein et al., 2014; Karlsgodt et al., 2009; Katagiri et al., 2015) or no differences (Peters et al., 2008) in FA values compared with healthy controls. Prospective DTI studies that assessed conversion to psychosis have shown mixed results, with decreased FA values in a region lateral to the right putamen and left superior temporal lobe (Bloemen et al., 2010), higher FA values in the genu and body of corpus callosum (Saito et al., 2017), and no FA differences in CHR individuals that converted to psychosis compared to those CHR who did not convert (Carletti et al., 2012; Peters et al., 2010; von Hohenberg et al., 2014).
This research was funded by National Institute of Mental Health grant MH073150-05 (cannabis and schizophrenia; to S.K.).
Dr. Lee served as the statistical expert for this research.
The authors acknowledge Lois Laitinen, MBA, MM, of the University of Minnesota for her support.
Disclosure: Dr. Kumra has received research support from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. Drs. Cullen, Lee, and Mueller, Ms. Epstein, and Mr. Robinson report no biomedical financial interests or potential confiicts of interest.