ReviewThe 14-3-3 proteins in regulation of cellular metabolism
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Graphical abstract
Highlights
► 14-3-3 Proteins are abundant and have hundreds of binding partners in eukaryotic cells. ► Many of these target phosphoproteins are involved in metabolic control. ► 14-3-3 Binding can amplify and modulate the effects of phosphorylation events. ► 14-3-3 Targets include insulin, mTOR- and AMP dependent kinase signaling pathways. ► 14-3-3 Proteins can direct metabolic activities at different cellular locations.
Abbreviations
4E-BP1
eIF4E-binding protein 1
AANAT
arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase
ACC
acetyl-CoA carboxylase
AKT
protein kinase B
AMPK
AMP dependent protein kinase
AS
ATP synthase
AS160
AKT substrate 160
ATG
autophagy related
BAD
Bcl-2 antagonist of death
BAX
Bcl-2 associated X protein
BIM
Bcl-2-interacting mediator of death
CRTC
cAMP-regulated transcriptional coactivator
FAS
fatty acid synthase
GAPDH
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphase dehydrogenase
GLUT
glucose transporter
GSK3
glycogen synthase kinase 3
HIOMIT
hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase
LKB1
liver kinase B1/STK11
MARK1–4
MAP/microtubule-regulating kinase 1–4
mTOR
mammalian target of rapamycin
PFK-2
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase
PK
pyruvate kinase M
PKA
cAMP dependent protein kinase
PRAS40
proline rich AKT substrate 40
RAPTOR
regulatory-associated protein of mTOR
RICTOR
rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR
SK61
p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1
SIK1–3
salt-inducible kinase 1–3
TH
tyrosine hydroxylase
TPH
tryptophan hydroxylase
TSC1/2
Tuberous sclerosis protein 1/2
ULK1
unc-51-like kinase 1
Keywords
14-3-3 Proteins
Metabolism
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Membrane association
Cell signaling
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