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Temporal and spatial incidence of alleles conferring knockdown resistance to pyrethroids in the peach–potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and their association with other insecticide resistance mechanisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2007

J.A. Anstead ,
J. Mallet  and
I. Denholm
J.A. Anstead*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Invertebrate Ecology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
J. Mallet
Affiliation:
The Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London, NW1 2HE, UK
I. Denholm
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Invertebrate Ecology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
*
*Fax.: +44 (0)1582 760981 E-mail: ansteadj@bbsrc.ac.uk
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Abstract

The peach–potato aphid, Myzus persicae (sulzer), is an important arable pest species throughout the world. Extensive use of insecticides has led to the selection of resistance to most chemical classes including organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. Resistance to pyrethroids is often the result of mutations in the para-type sodium channel protein (knockdown resistance or kdr). In M. persicae, knockdown resistance is associated with two amino-acid substitutions, L1014F (kdr) and M918T (super-kdr). In this study, the temporal and spatial distributions of these mutations, diagnosed using an allelic discriminating polymerase chain reaction assay, were investigated alongside other resistance mechanisms (modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE) and elevated carboxylesterases). Samples were collected from the UK, mainland Europe, Zimbabwe and south-eastern Australia. The kdr mutation and elevated carboxylesterases were widely distributed and recorded from nearly every country. MACE and super-kdr were widespread in Europe but absent from Australian samples. The detection of a strongly significant heterozygote excess for both kdr and super-kdr throughout implies strong selection against individuals homozygous for these resistance mutations. The pattern of distribution found in the UK seemed to indicate strong selection against the super-kdr (but not the kdr) mutation in any genotype, in the absence of insecticide pressure. There was a significant association (linkage disequilibrium) between different resistance mechanisms, which was probably promoted by a lack of recombination due to parthenogenesis.

Keywords

Myzus persicaekdrinsecticide resistanceMACE
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 97 , Issue 3 , June 2007 , pp. 243 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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