Abstract
Measurement of exchange rates between water and NH protons by magnetization transfer methods is often complicated by artifacts, such as intramolecular NOEs, and/or TOCSY transfer from Cα protons coincident with the water frequency, or exchange-relayed NOEs from fast exchanging hydroxyl or amine protons. By applying the Phase-Modulated CLEAN chemical EXchange (CLEANEX-PM) spin-locking sequence, 135°(x) 120°(-x) 110°(x) 110°(-x) 120°(x) 135°(-x) during the mixing period, these artifacts can be eliminated, revealing an unambiguous water-NH exchange spectrum. In this paper, the CLEANEX-PM mixing scheme is combined with Fast-HSQC (FHSQC) detection and used to obtain accurate chemical exchange rates from the initial slope analysis for a sample of 15N labeled staphylococcal nuclease. The results are compared to rates obtained using Water EXchange filter (WEX) II-FHSQC, and spin-echo-filtered WEX II-FHSQC measurements, and clearly identify the spurious NOE contributions in the exchange system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrec, M. and Prestegard, J. H. (1997) J. Biomol. NMR, 9, 136–150.
Bax, A. and Davis, D. G. (1985) J. Magn. Reson., 63, 207–213.
Birlirakis, N., Cerdan, R. and Guittet, E. (1996) J. Biomol. NMR, 8, 487–491.
Böckmann, A., Penin, F. and Guittet, E. (1996) FEBS Lett., 383, 191–195.
Bothner-By, A. A., Stephens, R. L., Lee, J.-M., Warren, C. D. and Jeanloz, R. W. (1984) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 811–813.
Dalvit, C. and Hommel, U. (1995) J. Biomol. NMR, 5, 306–310.
Dobson, C. M., Lian, L.-Y., Redfield, C. and Topping, K. D. (1986) J. Magn. Reson., 69, 201–209.
Fejzo, J., Westler, W. M., Macura, S. and Markley, J. L. (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112, 2574–2577.
Fejzo, J., Westler, W. M., Macura, S. and Markley, J. L. (1991) J. Magn. Reson., 92, 20–29.
Gemmecker, G., Jahnke, W. and Kessler, H. (1993) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 11620–11621.
Griesinger, C., Otting, G., Wüthrich, K. and Ernst, R. R. (1988) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, 7870–7872.
Grzesiek, S. and Bax, A. (1993a) J. Biomol. NMR, 3, 627–638.
Grzesiek, S. and Bax, A. (1993b) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 12593–12594.
Hwang, T.-L. and Shaka, A. J. (1993) J. Magn. Reson., B102, 155–165.
Hwang, T.-L., Mori, S., Shaka, A. J. and van Zijl, P. C. M. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 6203–6204.
Hynes, T. R. and Fox, R. O. (1991) Proteins Struct. Funct. Genet., 10, 92–105.
Jeener, J., Meier, B. H., Bachmann, P. and Ernst, R. R. (1979) J. Chem. Phys., 71, 4546–4553.
Knauf, M. A., Löhr, F., Blümel, M., Mayhew, S. G. and Rüterjans, H. (1996) Eur. J. Biochem., 238, 423–434.
Koide, S., Jahnke, W. and Wright, P. E. (1995) J. Biomol. NMR, 6, 306–312.
Liepinsh, E., Otting, G. and Wüthrich, K. (1992) J. Biomol. NMR, 2, 447–465.
Mao, X., Guo, J. and Ye, C. (1994) Chem. Phys. Lett., 222, 417–421.
Mori, S., Johnson, M. O., Berg, J. M. and van Zijl, P. C. M. (1994) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 11982–11984.
Mori, S., Abeygunawardana, C., Johnson, M. O. and van Zijl, P. C. M. (1995) J. Magn. Reson., B108, 94–98.
Mori, S., Berg, J. M. and van Zijl, P. C. M. (1996a) J. Biomol. NMR, 7, 77–82.
Mori, S., Abeygunawardana, C., van Zijl, P. C. M. and Berg, J. M. (1996b) J. Magn. Reson., B110, 96–101.
Mori, S., Abeygunawardana, C., Berg, J. M. and van Zijl, P. C. M. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 6844–6852.
Norton, A., Galambos, D., Hwang, T.-L., Stimson, M. and Shaka, A. J. (1994) J. Magn. Reson., A108, 51–61.
Otting, G., Liepinsh, E. and Wüthrich, K. (1991) Science, 254, 974–980.
Schwartz, A. L. and Cutnell, J. D. (1983) J. Magn. Reson., 53, 398–411.
Shaka, A. J., Barker, P. B. and Freeman, R. (1985) J. Magn. Reson., 64, 547–552.
Sklenář, V., Piotto, M., Leppik, R. and Saudek, V. (1993) J. Magn. Reson., A102, 241–245.
Wider, G., Riek, R. and Wüthrich, K. (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 11629–11634.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hwang, TL., van Zijl, P.C. & Mori, S. Accurate Quantitation of Water-amide Proton Exchange Rates Using the Phase-Modulated CLEAN Chemical EXchange (CLEANEX-PM) Approach with a Fast-HSQC (FHSQC) Detection Scheme. J Biomol NMR 11, 221–226 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008276004875
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008276004875