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The Rx homeobox gene is essential for vertebrate eye development

Nature volume 387, pages 603–607 (1997)Cite this article

Abstract

Development of the vertebrate eye requires a series of steps including specification of the anterior neural plate, evagination of the optic vesicles from the ventral forebrain, and the cellular differentiation of the lens and retina. Homeobox-containing genes, especially the transcription regulator Pax6, play a critical role in vertebrate and invertebrate eye formation. Mutations in Pax6 function result in eye malformations known as Aniridia in humans and Small eye syndrome in mice1,2,3. The Drosophila homologue of Pax6, eyeless, is also necessary for correct invertebrate eye development, and its misexpression leads to formation of ectopic eyes in Drosophila4,5. Here we show that a conserved vertebrate homeobox gene, Rx, is essential for normal eye development, and that its misexpression has profound effects on eye morphology. Xenopus embryos injected with synthetic Rx RNA develop ectopic retinal tissue and display hyperproliferation in the neuroretina. Mouse embryos carrying a null allele of this gene do not form optic cups and so do not develop eyes. The Rx gene family plays an important role in the establishment and/or proliferation of retinal progenitor cells.

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Figure 1: Comparison of the amino-acid sequences of Xenopus and murine Rx genes.
Figure 2: Whole-mount in situ hybridization to Xenopus embryos.
Figure 3: In situ hybridizations with Mrx probe.
Figure 4: Whole-mount in situ hybridization to zebrafish (a–f) and Drosophila (g, h) embryos.
Figure 5: Embryos injected with Rx1 RNA.
Figure 6: Schematic representation of Mrx targeted deletion strategy.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M.-L. Dirksen, K. T. Ault, N. Papalopulu, M. Whiteley, J. Kassis, F. D. Porter, D. Feltner, D. Sakaguchi, S. Witta, M. Moos, I. Dawid, S. Moody, T. Sargent, G. Spirou, A. Berrebi and O.Sundin for materials and advice.

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Author notes

  1. K. A. Mahon

    Present address: Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

  2. P. H. Mathers

    Present address: Departments of Otolaryngology and Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, 20852, Maryland, USA

    P. H. Mathers & M. Jamrich

  2. Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA

    A. Grinberg

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  1. P. H. Mathers
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  2. A. Grinberg
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  3. K. A. Mahon
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  4. M. Jamrich
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Jamrich.

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Mathers, P., Grinberg, A., Mahon, K. et al. The Rx homeobox gene is essential for vertebrate eye development. Nature 387, 603–607 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1038/42475

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