Abstract
Thirty genes belonging to three classes of biochemical markers (eight isozyme loci, 16 protein loci revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and six terpene loci) were scored in six populations of maritime pine. The purpose of the study was to compare the level of genetic differentiation (GST) among the populations of this pine in order to test whether differential selective pressures are acting on these markers.
However, each class of loci was found to display different levels of average diversity. Although this should not affect the comparison of the level of differentiation (theoretically a diversity-independent genetic measure) we found here that single-locus values of differentiation significantly depended on the values of diversity. This result was explained analytically by showing that the sampling of a limited number of populations results in GST taking maximal possible values lower than unity, especially when the level of diversity is low. By removing the less polymorphic loci, measures of differentiation independent of the level of diversity can be obtained. They turned out to be very close for each class of markers indicating the absence (or similar level) of selection acting on the three classes of loci and a high level of differentiation in this pine (GST = 0.17) typical of a species having a highly fragmented range.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Bahrman, N, and Damerval, C. 1989. Linkage relationships of loci controlling protein amounts in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Heredity, 63, 267–274.
Bahrman, N, and Petit, R J. 1995. Genetic polymorphism in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of needle, bud and pollen proteins. J Mol Evol, 41, (in press).
Bahrman, N, Zivy, M, Damerval, C, and Baradat, PH. 1994. Organisation of the variability of abundant proteins in seven geographical origins of maritime pine (Pinuspinaster Ait.). Theor Appl Genet, 88, 407–411.
Baradat, PH, Bernard-Dagan, C, Fillon, C, Marpeau, A, and Pauly, G. 1972. Les terpènes du Pin maritime: aspects biologiques et génétiques. IL Hérédité de la teneur en monoterpènes. Ann Sci For, 29, 307–334.
Baradat, PH, Bernard-Dagan, C, Pauly, G, and Zimmermann-Fillon, C. 1975. Les terpènes du Pin maritime. Aspects biologiques et génétiques. III. Hérédité de la teneur en myreène. Ann Sci For, 32, 29–54.
Baradat, PH, and Marpeua-Bezard, A. 1988. Le pin maritime Biologie et génétique des terpènes pour la connaissance et l'amélioration de l'espèce. Thèse doctorat d'Etat, Université Bordeaux-I.
Bernard-Dagan, C, Fillon, C, Pauly, G, Baradat, PH, and Illy, G. 1971. Les terpènes du pin maritime: aspects biologiques et génétiques. I. Variabilité de la composition monoterpénique dans un individu et entre provenances. Ann Sci For, 28, 223–258.
Birky, C W, Jr, Fuerst, P, and Maruyama, T. 1989. Organelle gene diversity under migration, mutation, and drift: equilibrium expectations, approach to equilibrium, effects of heteroplasmic cells, and comparison to nuclear genes. Genetics, 121, 613–627.
Bridges, J R. 1987. Effects of terpenoid compounds on growth of symbiotic fungi associated with the Southern Pine Beetle. Phytopathology, 77, 83–85.
Cavalli-Sforza, L L. 1966. Population structure and human evolution. Proc R Soc B, 164, 362–379.
Conkle, M T, Hodgskiss, P D, Nunnally, L B, and Hunter, S C. 1982. Starch gel electrophoresis of Conifer seeds: a laboratory manual. USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Gen. Techn. Rep. PSW-64, 1–18.
Delorme, L, and Lieutier, F. 1990. Monoterpene composition of the preformed and induced resins of Scots pine, and their effect on bark beetles and associated fungi. Eur J Forest Pathol, 20, 304–316.
Gerber, S, Rudolphe, F N, and Baradat, PH. 1993. Seed-protein variation in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis: genetic determinism and construction of a linkage map. Theor Appl Genet, 85, 521–528.
Hamrick, J L, Godt, M J, and Sherman-Broyles, S L. 1992. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New Forests, 6, 95–124.
Karl, S A, and Avise, J C. 1992. Balancing selection at allozyme loci in oysters: implications from nuclear RFLPS. Science, 256, 100–102.
Kimura, M. 1983. The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Marpeau, A, Baradat, PH, and Bernard-Dagan, C. 1975. Les terpenes du Pin maritime: aspects biologiques et génétiques. IV. Hérédité de la tenèur en deux sesquiterpenes: le longifolène et le caryophyllène. Ann Sci For, 32, 185–203.
Marpeau-Bezard, A, Baradat, PH, and Bernard-Dagan, C. 1983. Les terpènes du Pin maritime: aspects biologiques et génétiques. V. Hérédité de la teneur en limonène. Ann Sci For, 32, 185–203.
Müller-Starck, G, Baradat, PH, and Bergmann, F. 1992. Genetic variation within European tree species. New Forests, 6, 23–47.
Nei, M. 1977. F-statistics and analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Ann Hum Genet, 41, 225–233.
Nei, M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York.
Petit, R J, Kremer, A, and Wagner, D B. 1993a. A finite island model for organelle and nuclear genes in plants. Heredity, 71, 630–641.
Petit, R J, Kremer, A, and Wagner, D B. 1993b. Geographic structure of chloroplast DNA polymorphisms in European oaks. Theor Appl Genet, 87, 122–128.
Pogson, G H, and Zouros, E. 1994. Allozyme and RFLP heterozygosities as correlates of growth rate in the scallop Placopecten magellanicus: a test of the associative overdominance hypothesis. Genetics, 137, 221–231.
Strauss, S H, and Libby, W J. 1987. Allozyme heterosis in radiata pine is poorly explained by overdominance. Am Nat, 130, 879–890.
Weir, B S, and Cockerham, C C. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution, 38, 1358–1370.
Wright, S. 1951. The genetical structure of populations. Ann Eugen, 15, 323–354.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Petit, R., Bahrman, N. & Baradat, P. Comparison of genetic differentiation in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) estimated using isozyme, total protein and terpenic loci. Heredity 75, 382–389 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1995.150
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1995.150
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Transferring Atlantic maritime pine improved material to a region with marked Mediterranean influence in inland NW Spain: a likelihood-based approach on spatially adjusted field data
European Journal of Forest Research (2010)
-
Late Holocene ecological history of Pinus pinaster forests in the Sierra de Gredos of central Spain
Plant Ecology (2010)
-
Population genetic structure in a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.): a comparison of allozyme markers and quantitative traits
Heredity (2002)
-
Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins as a source of monogenic and codominant markers for population genetics and mapping the expressed genome
Heredity (1996)