Few brain regions' functions have been debated as intensely as those of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. A computational model now suggests that seemingly diverse cingulate responses may be explained by a single construct, 'negative surprise', which occurs when actions do not produce the expected outcome.
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Egner, T. Surprise! A unifying model of dorsal anterior cingulate function?. Nat Neurosci 14, 1219–1220 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2932
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2932
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