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Opposite effects of dopamine and serotonin on resting-state networks: review and implications for psychiatric disorders

Molecular Psychiatry volume 25, pages 82–93 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Alterations in brain intrinsic activity—as organized in resting-state networks (RSNs) such as sensorimotor network (SMN), salience network (SN), and default-mode network (DMN)—and in neurotransmitters signaling—such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT)—have been independently detected in psychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between such neurotransmitters and RSNs in healthy, by reviewing the relevant work on this topic and performing complementary analyses, in order to better understand their physiological link, as well as their alterations in psychiatric disorders. According to the reviewed data, neurotransmitters nuclei diffusively project to subcortical and cortical regions of RSNs. In particular, the dopaminergic substantia nigra (SNc)-related nigrostriatal pathway is structurally and functionally connected with core regions of the SMN, whereas the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-related mesocorticolimbic pathway with core regions of the SN. The serotonergic raphe nuclei (RNi) connections involve regions of the SMN and DMN. Coherently, changes in neurotransmitters activity impact the functional configuration and level of activity of RSNs, as measured by functional connectivity (FC) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations/temporal variability of BOLD signal. Specifically, DA signaling is associated with increase in FC and activity in the SMN (hypothetically via the SNc-related nigrostriatal pathway) and SN (hypothetically via the VTA-related mesocorticolimbic pathway), as well as concurrent decrease in FC and activity in the DMN. By contrast, 5-HT signaling (via the RNi-related pathways) is associated with decrease in SMN activity along with increase in DMN activity. Complementally, our empirical data showed a positive correlation between SNc-related FC and SMN activity, whereas a negative correlation between RNi-related FC and SMN activity (along with tilting of networks balance toward the DMN). According to these data, we hypothesize that the activity of neurotransmitter-related neurons synchronize the low-frequency oscillations within different RSNs regions, thus affecting the baseline level of RSNs activity and their balancing. In our model, DA signaling favors the predominance of SMN-SN activity, whereas 5-HT signaling favors the predominance of DMN activity, manifesting in distinct behavioral patterns. In turn, alterations in neurotransmitters signaling (or its disconnection) may favor a correspondent functional reorganization of RSNs, manifesting in distinct psychopathological states. The here suggested model carries important implications for psychiatric disorders, providing novel and well testable hypotheses especially on bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Benedetta Conio, Matteo Martino, Paola Magioncalda

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Benedetta Conio, Paola Magioncalda, Andrea Escelsior & Mario Amore

  2. IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy

    Benedetta Conio, Paola Magioncalda, Andrea Escelsior, Matilde Inglese & Mario Amore

  3. Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Matteo Martino

  4. Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan

    Paola Magioncalda

  5. Graduate Institute of Mind Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Paola Magioncalda

  6. Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Matilde Inglese

  7. Department of Neurology, Radiology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Matilde Inglese

  8. University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, and Mind Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Georg Northoff

  9. Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China

    Georg Northoff

  10. Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

    Georg Northoff

Authors
  1. Benedetta Conio
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  2. Matteo Martino
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  3. Paola Magioncalda
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  4. Andrea Escelsior
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  5. Matilde Inglese
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  6. Mario Amore
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  7. Georg Northoff
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Matteo Martino, Paola Magioncalda or Georg Northoff.

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Conio, B., Martino, M., Magioncalda, P. et al. Opposite effects of dopamine and serotonin on resting-state networks: review and implications for psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 25, 82–93 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0406-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0406-4

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