Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T09:09:12.970Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The importance of antennae for pea aphid wing induction in the presence of natural enemies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

G. Kunert  and
W.W. Weisser
G. Kunert*
Affiliation:
Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
W.W. Weisser
Affiliation:
Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
*
*Fax: ++49 (0) 3641 949402 E-mail: Grit.Kunert@uni-jena.de
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris has been shown to produce an increasing proportion of winged morphs among its offspring when exposed to natural enemies, in particular hoverfly larvae, lacewing larvae, adult and larval ladybirds and aphidiid parasitoids. While these results suggest that wing induction in the presence of predators and parasitoids is a general response of the pea aphid, the cues and mechanisms underlying this response are still unclear. Tactile stimuli and the perception of chemical signals as well as visual signals are candidates for suitable cues in the presence of natural enemies. In this paper the hypothesis that the aphids' antennae are crucial for the wing induction in the presence of natural enemies is tested. Antennae of pea aphids were ablated and morph production was scored when aphids were reared either in the presence or the absence of predatory lacewing larvae over a six-day period. Ablation of antennae resulted in a drastic drop in the proportion of winged morphs among the offspring, both in the presence and the absence of a predator whereas predator presence increased wing induction in aphids with intact antennae, as reported in previous experiments. The results show that antennae are necessary for wing induction in the presence of natural enemies. Critical re-examination of early work on the importance of aphid antennae and tactile stimuli for wing induction suggests that a combination of tactile and chemical cues is likely to be involved not only in predator-induced wing formation but also for wing induction in response to factors such as crowding in the aphid colony.

Type
Review Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 95 , Issue 2 , April 2005 , pp. 125 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bonnemaison, L. (1951) Contribution á l'etude des facteurs provoquant 1'apparition des formes ailées les Aphidinae. Annals des Epiphyties 2 1–380.Google Scholar
Bowers, W.S., Webb, R.E., Nault, L.R. & Dutky, S.R. (1972) Aphid alarm pheromone: isolation, identification, synthesis. Science 177, 1121–1122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cervo, R., Dani, F.R., Zanetti, P., Massolo, A. & Turillazzi, S. (2002) Chemical nestmate recognition in a stenogastrine wasp, Liostenogaster flavolineata (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 14, 351–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, R.F. (1998) The insects – structure and function 4th Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawley, M.J. (2002) Statistical computing Chichester, West Sussex John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Dixon, A.F.G. (1998) Aphid ecology Chapman & Hall London.Google Scholar
Dixon, A.F.G. & Agarwala, B.K. (1999) Ladybird-induced life-history changes in aphids. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 266, 1549–1553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, A.F.G. & Glen, D.M. (1971) Morph determination in the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. Annals of Applied Biology 68, 11–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ginzel, M.D. & Hanks, L.M. (2003) Contact pheromones as mate recognition cues of four species of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 16, 181–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hille, Ris & Lambers, D. (1966) Polymorphism in Aphididae. Annual Review of Entomology 11, 47–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, B. (1965) Wing polymorphism in aphids II. Interaction between aphids. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 8, 49–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaib, M., Jmhasly, P., Wilfert, L., Durka, W., Franke, S., Francke, W. & Leuthold, R.H., Brandl, R. (2004) Cuticular hydrocarbons and aggression in the termite Macrotermes subhyalinus. Journal of Chemical Ecology 30, 365–385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawada, K. (1987) Polymorphism and morph determination. pp. 299–314in Minks, A.K., & Harrewijn, P. (Eds) Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. A. Amsterdam, Elsevier.Google Scholar
Kunert, G. & Weisser, W.W. (2003) The interplay between density- and trait-mediated effects in predator–prey interactions: a case study in aphid wing polymorphism. Oecologia 135, 304–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lees, A.D. (1966) The control of polymorphisms in aphids. Advances in Insect Physiology 3, 207–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lees, A.D. (1967) The production of the apterous and alate forms in the aphid Megoura viciae Buckton, with special reference to the role of crowding. Journal of Insect Physiology 13, 289–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minks, A.K. & Harrewijn, P. (1987) Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. A Amsterdam Elsevier.Google Scholar
Mittler, T.E. & Kunkel, H. (1971) Wing production by grouped and isolated apterae of the aphid Myzus persicae on artificial diet. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 14, 83–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mittler, T.E., Sutherland, O.R.W. (1969) Dietary influences on aphid polymorphism. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 12, 703–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, C.B. & Williams, I.S., Hardie, J. (2001) The role of nutrition, crowding and interspecific interactions in the development of winged aphids. Ecological Entomology 26, 330–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nault, L.R., Edwards, L.J. & Styer, W.E. (1973) Aphid alarm pheromones: secretion and reception. Environmental Entomology 2, 101–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruther, J., Sieben, S. & Schricker, B. (2002) Nestmate recognition in social wasps: manipulation of hydrocarbon profiles induces aggression in the European hornet. Naturwissenschaften 89, 111–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaw, M.J.P. (1970) Effects of population density on aliencolae of Aphis fabae Scop. II. The effects of crowding on the expression of migratory urge among alatae in the laboratory. Annals of Applied Biology 65, 197–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sloggett, J.J. & Weisser, W.W. (2002) Parasitoids induce production of the dispersal morph in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Oikos 98, 323–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sloggett, J.J. & Weisser, W.W. (2004) A general mechanism for predator- and parasitoid-induced dispersal in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) 6th International Symposium on Aphids, 3–7 September 2001 79–85 France Rennes.Google Scholar
Sutherland, O.R.W. (1969a) The role of crowding in the production of winged forms by two strains of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Journal of Insect Physiology 15, 1385–1410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, O.R.W. (1969b) The role of the host plant in the production of winged forms by two strains of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Journal of Insect Physiology 15, 2179–2201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, O.R.W. & Mittler, T.E. (1971) Influence of diet composition and crowding on wing production by the aphid Myzus persicae. Journal of Insect Physiology 17, 321–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venables, W.N. & Smith, D.M. & the R Development Core team (2002) An introduction to R. Network Theory Ltd.Google Scholar
Wagner, D., Tissot, M., Cuevas, W. & Gordon, D.M. (2000) Harvester ants utilize cuticular hydrocarbons in nestmate recognition. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26, 2245–2257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watt, A.D. & Dixon, A.F.G. (1981) The role of cereal growth stages and crowding in the induction of alatae in Sitobion avenae and its consequences for population growth. Ecological Entomology 6, 441–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisser, W.W., Braendle, C. & Minoretti, N. (1999) Predator-induced morphological shift in the pea aphid. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 266, 1175–1182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisser, W.W., Minoretti, N. & Sloggett, J.J. (2004) Wing induction by natural enemies: cues, mechanisms and adaptiver value 6th International Symposium on Aphids, 3–7 September 2001 103–108 France Rennes.Google Scholar