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Annual Review of Physiology

Volume 80, 2018

Neuromuscular Junction Formation, Aging, and Disorders

Abstract

Synapses, the fundamental unit in neuronal circuits, are critical for learning and memory, perception, thinking, and reaction. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a synapse formed between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers that is covered by Schwann cells (SCs). It is essential for controlling muscle contraction. NMJ formation requires intimate interactions among motoneurons, muscles, and SCs. Deficits in NMJ formation and maintenance cause neuromuscular disorders, including congenital myasthenic syndrome and myasthenia gravis. NMJ decline occurs in aged animals and may appear before clinical presentation of motoneuron disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We review recent findings in NMJ formation, maintenance, neuromuscular disorders, and aging of the NMJ, focusing on communications among motoneurons, muscles and SCs, and underlying mechanisms.

Keyword(s): agrin-Lrp4-MuSK signaling, neuromuscular junction, NMJ disorders, retrograde signaling, Schwann cells, Wnt signaling
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034255
2018-02-10
2024-04-24
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034255
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Neuromuscular Junction Formation, Aging, and Disorders
Annual Review of Physiology 80, 159 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034255
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034255
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034255
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