Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers for which conventional therapies provide only palliation. The cellular heterogeneity of glioblastomas is manifest in genetic and epigenetic variation with both stochastic and hierarchical models informing cellular phenotypes. At the apex of the hierarchy is a self-renewing, tumorigenic, cancer stem cell (CSC). The significance of CSCs is underscored by their resistance to cytotoxic therapies, invasive potential, and promotion of angiogenesis. Thus, targeting CSCs may offer therapeutic benefit and sensitize tumors to conventional treatment, demanding elucidation of CSC regulation. Attention has been paid to intrinsic cellular systems in CSCs, but recognition of extrinsic factors is evolving. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are enriched in functional niches-prominently the perivascular space and hypoxic regions. These niches provide instructive cues to maintain GSCs and induce cellular plasticity towards a stem-like phenotype. GSC-maintaining niches may therefore offer novel therapeutic targets but also signal additional complexity with perhaps different pools of GSCs governed by different molecular mechanisms that must be targeted for tumor control.
Keywords: Glioma stem cell, cancer stem cell, microenvironment, glioma, vascular endothelial growth factor, stromal-derived factor 1, CD133, glycosylation, angiogenesis, digoxin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Glioma Stem Cell Maintenance: The Role of the Microenvironment
Volume: 17 Issue: 23
Author(s): John M. Heddleston, Masahiro Hitomi, Monica Venere, William A. Flavahan, Kenneth Yang, Youngmi Kim, Sana Minhas, Jeremy N. Rich and Anita B. Hjelmeland
Affiliation:
Keywords: Glioma stem cell, cancer stem cell, microenvironment, glioma, vascular endothelial growth factor, stromal-derived factor 1, CD133, glycosylation, angiogenesis, digoxin
Abstract: Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers for which conventional therapies provide only palliation. The cellular heterogeneity of glioblastomas is manifest in genetic and epigenetic variation with both stochastic and hierarchical models informing cellular phenotypes. At the apex of the hierarchy is a self-renewing, tumorigenic, cancer stem cell (CSC). The significance of CSCs is underscored by their resistance to cytotoxic therapies, invasive potential, and promotion of angiogenesis. Thus, targeting CSCs may offer therapeutic benefit and sensitize tumors to conventional treatment, demanding elucidation of CSC regulation. Attention has been paid to intrinsic cellular systems in CSCs, but recognition of extrinsic factors is evolving. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are enriched in functional niches-prominently the perivascular space and hypoxic regions. These niches provide instructive cues to maintain GSCs and induce cellular plasticity towards a stem-like phenotype. GSC-maintaining niches may therefore offer novel therapeutic targets but also signal additional complexity with perhaps different pools of GSCs governed by different molecular mechanisms that must be targeted for tumor control.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
M. Heddleston John, Hitomi Masahiro, Venere Monica, A. Flavahan William, Yang Kenneth, Kim Youngmi, Minhas Sana, N. Rich Jeremy and B. Hjelmeland Anita, Glioma Stem Cell Maintenance: The Role of the Microenvironment, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211797249260
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211797249260 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
CDKN2B-AS1: An Indispensable Long Non-coding RNA in Multiple Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Applications of Muscle Electroporation Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Expression of Specificity Protein Transcription Factors in Pancreatic Cancer and their Association in Prognosis and Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Microdialysis as an Excellent Sampling Approach for Biomedical Analysis
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Immunotherapy with Tumor Vaccines for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Brain Targeting of siRNA via Intranasal Pathway
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cellomics as Integrative Omics for Cancer
Current Proteomics Synthesis of 99mTc-Nimotuzumab with Tricarbonyl Ion: in vitro and in vivo Studies
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Sanguinarine: A Double-Edged Sword of Anticancer and Carcinogenesis and Its Future Application Prospect
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Clinical Impact of Gene Expression Profiling on Oncology Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Modulation of the Cannabinoid System: A New Perspective for the Treatment of the Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Subject Index to Volume 4
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Polyethylenimine as a Promising Vector for Targeted siRNA Delivery
Current Clinical Pharmacology Targeting p73 - a Potential Approach in Cancer Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Biological Role of mTOR in the Pathogenesis of Solid Tumors: An Overview
Current Enzyme Inhibition Smac-Derived Aza-Peptide As an Aminopeptidase-Resistant XIAP BIR3 Antagonist
Protein & Peptide Letters Merlin, a “Magic” Linker Between the Extracellular Cues and Intracellular Signaling Pathways that Regulate Cell Motility, Proliferation, and Survival
Current Protein & Peptide Science Effective Treatment of Human Lung Cancer by Targeting Tissue Factor with a Factor VII-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Targeted Radiotherapy for Malignant Gliomas
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cartilage Repair: State of the Art and Methods to monitor Cell Growth, Differentiation and Cartilage Regeneration
Current Medicinal Chemistry