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General/Specific, Local/Global: Comparing the Beginnings of Agriculture in the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia/Eritrea) and Southwest Arabia (Yemen)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Michael J. Harrower
Affiliation:
Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, 308 Charles E. Young Dr. North, A210 Fowler, Box 951510, Los Angeles, California 90095-1510, USA (mharrower@ucla.edu)
Joy McCorriston
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4034 Smith Lab, 174 W. 18th Ave, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
A. Catherine D’Andrea
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada

Abstract

The Horn of Africa and Southwest Arabia are less than 30 km apart, yet the timing and nature of transitions to agriculture along the margins of the southern Red Sea differ substantially. This paper compares and contrasts the beginnings of agriculture in highland Ethiopia/Eritrea and Yemen. We evaluate the applicability of general models, emphasize social circumstances and particularities, and highlight the importance of differing spatiotemporal scales from interregional perspectives that address millennia-long changes across continents to local choices during human lifetimes. We consider why agriculture appears so much later than it does throughout the eastern Mediterranean and argue that the traditionally rigid distinction between the "origins" and "spread" of agriculture oversimplifies transitions along the southern Red Sea in which agriculture in some ways diffused to, and in other ways, uniquely originated in Southwest Arabia and the Horn of Africa. We concordantly maintain that, particularly when agriculture is considered a societal transformation, regions where agriculture appears comparatively later are as important to understanding transitions to agriculture as regions where agriculture appears earliest.

Resumen

Resumen

Hay menos de 30 km de distancia entre el Cuerno de África y el Suroeste de Arabia, sin embargo, cuándo y cómo ocurrieron las transiciones a la agricultura a lo largo de las márgenes sur del Mar Rojo es sustancialmente diferente. Este documento compara y contrasta los inicios de la agricultura en las altiplancies de Etiopía y Eritrea y Yemen. Se evalúa la aplicabilidad de los modelos generales, haciendo hincapié en las circunstancias sociales y sus peculiaridades, y se destaca la importancia de las diferentes escalas espacio-temporales desde una perspectiva inter-regional, abarcando los cambios en los dos continentes a lo largo de milenios, así como también las selecciones locales durante la vida de los asentamientos humanos. Consideramos por qué la agricultura aparece mucho más tarde de lo que lo hace en el resto del Mediterráneo oriental, y sostenemos que la tradicional, y rígida, distinción entre los "orígenes" y el " extendimiento " de la agricultura simplifica demasiado las transiciones a lo largo del sur del Mar Rojo, donde la agricultura, en ciertas maneras, se propagó, y en otras, se originó de una forma única en el suroeste de Arabia y el Cuerno de África. También sostenemos que, sobre todo cuando la agricultura se considera una transformación social, las regiones donde la agricultura aparece comparativamente más tarde son tan importantes para entender la transición a la agricultura que las regiones donde la agricultura aparece más temprano.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2010

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