Abstract
There is remarkable conservation in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune responses of plants, insects and mammals. We developed an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell system based on the induction of early-defence gene transcription by flagellin, a highly conserved component of bacterial flagella that functions as a PAMP in plants and mammals. Here we identify a complete plant MAP kinase cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) and WRKY22/WRKY29 transcription factors that function downstream of the flagellin receptor FLS2, a leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) receptor kinase. Activation of this MAPK cascade confers resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, suggesting that signalling events initiated by diverse pathogens converge into a conserved MAPK cascade.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Arabidopsis / enzymology*
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Arabidopsis / genetics
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Arabidopsis / immunology*
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Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism
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Botrytis / physiology
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Feedback, Physiological
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Flagellin / metabolism
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Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
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MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / metabolism
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MAP Kinase Signaling System*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / metabolism
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Plant Diseases / microbiology
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Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Protoplasts
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Pseudomonas / physiology
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Transcription, Genetic
Substances
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Arabidopsis Proteins
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Flagellin
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Protein Kinases
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FLS2 protein, Arabidopsis
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases