Changes in research emphasis from pollution towards the effects of climate change have resulted from shifts in political and public interests. Information gained from research on the effects of pollutants as a perturbation on mycorrhizae and mycorrhizae-mediated processes may be an appropriate starting point from which to launch into climate change studies. However, the effects of pollution on mycorrhizae are not clear cut as there are many conflicting results. The methods used in experiments, levels of pollutants used and relationships between studies on seedling trees to the mature forest do not suggest unifying models of pollution effects. Some areas of work still lacking in the pollution field are highlighted. These include well replicated experiments at currently ambient pollutant levels, and areas for potential development in the global climate change arena, e.g. the interaction between C supply and nutrient uptake.