The distributions of the goblet cells and submucosal glands in eustachian tubes (ETs) from children with or without otitis media (OM) were studied. From 12 temporal bone-ET specimens obtained from children 1 to 7 years old at death, representative vertically cut histology sections were selected, stained with periodic acid-Schiff-Alcian blue and hematoxylin, and studied by light microscopy. In children without OM, the density of the goblet cells was significantly lower in the roof than in the floor of the ET and was highest in the midcartilaginous portion; glands were most richly distributed near the pharyngeal orifice, and became less densely distributed toward the tympanic portion. In children with OM, the density of the goblet cells was significantly higher both in the roof and floor portions, and the glands were more richly distributed than in the ETs of children without OM. The possibility that the observed increase in ET secretory components in children with OM impairs the passage of air through these tubes is discussed.