To quantitatively characterize the structure of a peptide and to predict its gradient retention time at given HPLC conditions three structural descriptors are used: (i) logarithm of the sum of retention times of the amino acids composing the peptide, log SumAA, (ii) logarithm of the van der Waals volume of the peptide, log VDW(Vol), (iii) and the logarithm of the peptide's calculated n-octanol-water partition coefficient, clog P. The log SumAA descriptor is obtained from empirical data for 20 natural amino acids, determined in a given HPLC system. The two other descriptors are calculated from the peptides' structural formulas using molecular modeling methods. The quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRR), build by multiple linear regression, describe HPLC retention of peptide on a given chromatographic system on which the retention of the 20 amino acids was predetermined. A structurally diversified series of 98 peptides was employed. The predicted gradient retention times on several chromatographic systems were in good agreement with the experimental data. The QSRR equations, derived for a given system operated at variable gradient times and temperatures allowed for the prediction of peptide retention in that system. Matching the experimental HPLC retention to the theoretically predicted for a presumed peptide could facilitate original protein identification in proteomics. In conjunction with MS data, prediction of the retention time for a given peptide might be used to improve the confidence of peptide identifications and to increase the number of correctly identified peptides.