Visualizing the mechanical activation of Src

Nature. 2005 Apr 21;434(7036):1040-5. doi: 10.1038/nature03469.

Abstract

The mechanical environment crucially influences many cell functions. However, it remains largely mysterious how mechanical stimuli are transmitted into biochemical signals. Src is known to regulate the integrin-cytoskeleton interaction, which is essential for the transduction of mechanical stimuli. Using fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET), here we develop a genetically encoded Src reporter that enables the imaging and quantification of spatio-temporal activation of Src in live cells. We introduced a local mechanical stimulation to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by applying laser-tweezer traction on fibronectin-coated beads adhering to the cells. Using the Src reporter, we observed a rapid distal Src activation and a slower directional wave propagation of Src activation along the plasma membrane. This wave propagated away from the stimulation site with a speed (mean +/- s.e.m.) of 18.1 +/- 1.7 nm s(-1). This force-induced directional and long-range activation of Src was abolished by the disruption of actin filaments or microtubules. Our reporter has thus made it possible to monitor mechanotransduction in live cells with spatio-temporal characterization. We find that the transmission of mechanically induced Src activation is a dynamic process that directs signals via the cytoskeleton to spatial destinations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Cell Membrane / enzymology
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Endothelial Cells / cytology
  • Endothelial Cells / metabolism
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Fibroblasts
  • Fibronectins / metabolism
  • Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Mechanotransduction, Cellular / physiology*
  • Mice
  • Microspheres
  • Microtubules / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Probes / analysis
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) / metabolism*
  • Umbilical Veins / cytology

Substances

  • Fibronectins
  • Molecular Probes
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)

Associated data

  • GENBANK/AY862145