Inflammation and coagulation play pivotal roles in host defence. As phylogenetically old responses, there is extensive cross-talk between inflammation and coagulation in enabling an adequate immune response against potentially injurious stimuli. Immune cells are important in the initiation of coagulation pathways, while various inflammatory mediators are capable of altering haemostasis. Vice versa, coagulation proteases have significant immunomodulatory effects. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation may yield new therapeutic strategies for human diseases.