Zinc through the three domains of life

J Proteome Res. 2006 Nov;5(11):3173-8. doi: 10.1021/pr0603699.

Abstract

Zinc is one of the metal ions essential for life, as it is required for the proper functioning of a large number of proteins. Despite its importance, the annotation of zinc-binding proteins in gene banks or protein domain databases still has significant room for improvement. In the present work, we compiled a list of known zinc-binding protein domains and of known zinc-binding sequence motifs (zinc-binding patterns), and then used them jointly to analyze the proteome of 57 different organisms to obtain an overview of zinc usage by archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic organisms. Zinc-binding proteins are an abundant fraction of these proteomes, ranging between 4% and 10%. The number of zinc-binding proteins correlates linearly with the total number of proteins encoded by the genome of an organism, but the proportionality constant of Eukaryota (8.8%) is significantly higher than that observed in Bacteria and Archaea (from 5% to 6%). Most of this enrichment is due to the larger portfolio of regulatory proteins in Eukaryota.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Archaea / chemistry
  • Archaea / growth & development
  • Archaeal Proteins / chemistry
  • Archaeal Proteins / genetics
  • Archaeal Proteins / metabolism
  • Bacteria / chemistry
  • Bacteria / growth & development
  • Bacterial Proteins / chemistry
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
  • Binding Sites
  • Genome
  • Metalloproteins / chemistry
  • Metalloproteins / genetics
  • Metalloproteins / metabolism*
  • Metalloproteins / physiology
  • Proteomics / methods*
  • Zinc / metabolism*

Substances

  • Archaeal Proteins
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Metalloproteins
  • Zinc