The role of dopamine in attentional and memory biases for emotional information

Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;164(10):1603-9; quiz 1624. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06081241.

Abstract

Objective: Cognitive models suggest that biased processing of emotional information may play a role in the genesis and maintenance of psychotic symptoms. The role of dopamine and dopamine antagonists in the processing of such information remains unclear. The authors investigated the effect of a dopamine antagonist on perception of, and memory for, emotional information in healthy volunteers.

Method: Thirty-three healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to a single-blind intervention of either a single dose of the dopamine D(2)/D(3) antagonist amisulpride or placebo. An attentional blink task and an emotional memory task were then administered to assess the affective modulation of attention and memory, respectively.

Results: A significant interaction was observed between stimulus valence and drug on recognition memory accuracy; further contrasts revealed enhanced memory for aversive-arousing compared with neutral stimuli in the placebo but not the amisulpride group. No effect of amisulpride was observed on the perception of emotional stimuli.

Conclusions: Amisulpride abolished the enhanced memory for emotionally arousing stimuli seen in the placebo group but had no effect on the perception of such stimuli. These results suggests that dopamine plays a significant role in biasing memory toward emotionally salient information and that dopamine antagonists may act by attenuating this bias.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Amisulpride
  • Attention / drug effects*
  • Attention / physiology*
  • Dopamine / physiology*
  • Dopamine Antagonists / pharmacology*
  • Emotions / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Memory / drug effects*
  • Memory / physiology*
  • Perception / drug effects*
  • Perception / physiology
  • Placebos
  • Psychotic Disorders / diagnosis
  • Psychotic Disorders / psychology
  • Reaction Time / drug effects
  • Reaction Time / physiology
  • Recognition, Psychology / drug effects
  • Recognition, Psychology / physiology
  • Single-Blind Method
  • Sulpiride / analogs & derivatives*
  • Sulpiride / pharmacology
  • Task Performance and Analysis
  • Visual Perception / drug effects
  • Visual Perception / physiology

Substances

  • Dopamine Antagonists
  • Placebos
  • Sulpiride
  • Amisulpride
  • Dopamine