The enhanceosome

Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2008 Apr;18(2):236-42. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.12.002. Epub 2008 Feb 21.

Abstract

The interferon-beta (IFN-beta) enhanceosome is a paradigm for understanding the role of transcription factor complexes in eukaryotic signal integration. Recent structural studies provide a complete atomic model of the enhanceosome at the protein-DNA interface. The composite model shows how binding of eight transcription factors to enhancer DNA creates a continuous recognition surface. The extensive overlap of individual binding sites creates a composite element that ensures that the enhancer operates as a single unit of regulation. The absence of major protein-protein interfaces between the transcription factors suggests that cooperative binding occurs through a combination of binding-induced conformational changes in DNA structure and specific interactions with coactivator proteins such as CBP/p300. Contacts with virtually every nucleotide explain why the enhancer is evolutionary conserved in mammalian genomes.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic / genetics*
  • Interferon-beta / genetics*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Transcription Factors / chemistry*
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • Transcription Factors
  • Interferon-beta