Abstract
Two-component signal transduction systems are the predominant means by which bacteria sense and respond to environmental stimuli. Bacteria often employ tens or hundreds of these paralogous signaling systems, comprised of histidine kinases (HKs) and their cognate response regulators (RRs). Faithful transmission of information through these signaling pathways and avoidance of detrimental crosstalk demand exquisite specificity of HK-RR interactions. To identify the determinants of two-component signaling specificity, we examined patterns of amino acid coevolution in large, multiple sequence alignments of cognate kinase-regulator pairs. Guided by these results, we demonstrate that a subset of the coevolving residues is sufficient, when mutated, to completely switch the substrate specificity of the kinase EnvZ. Our results shed light on the basis of molecular discrimination in two-component signaling pathways, provide a general approach for the rational rewiring of these pathways, and suggest that analyses of coevolution may facilitate the reprogramming of other signaling systems and protein-protein interactions.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / chemistry
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Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / genetics*
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Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
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Bacterial Proteins / chemistry
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Bacterial Proteins / genetics
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Bacterial Proteins / metabolism*
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Caulobacter crescentus / enzymology
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Caulobacter crescentus / metabolism
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Escherichia coli / enzymology
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Escherichia coli / metabolism*
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Escherichia coli Proteins / chemistry
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Escherichia coli Proteins / genetics*
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Escherichia coli Proteins / metabolism*
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Genes, Regulator
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Models, Molecular
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Multienzyme Complexes / chemistry
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Multienzyme Complexes / genetics*
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Multienzyme Complexes / metabolism*
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Mutagenesis
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Phosphorylation
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Protein Engineering*
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Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
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Signal Transduction*
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Substrate Specificity
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Trans-Activators / chemistry
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Trans-Activators / metabolism
Substances
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Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
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Bacterial Proteins
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Escherichia coli Proteins
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Multienzyme Complexes
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Trans-Activators
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osmolarity response regulator proteins
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envZ protein, E coli