A select group of unicellular green algae have evolved the ability to capture solar energy and to use it to split water to produce molecular oxygen (released into the atmosphere) as well as H(+) and e(-) that are combined to produce hydrogen. Theoretically this process therefore forms the basis for the development of sustainable solar powered hydrogen fuel production systems. This article reviews recent advances made and highlights key areas for further development as part of a strategy of establishing economically viable hydrogen production systems.
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