Adoptive transfer of in vivo generated antigen-specific donor-derived T-cells is increasingly recognized as an effective approach for the treatment or prevention of EBV lymphomas and cytomegalovirus infections complicating allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants. This review examines evidence from preclinical experiments and initial clinical trials to critically assess both the potential and current limitations of adoptive transfer of donor T-cells sensitized to selected minor alloantigens of the host or to peptide epitopes of proteins, differentially expressed by clonogenic leukemia cells, such as the Wilms tumor protein, WT-1, as a strategy to treat or prevent recurrence of leukemia in the post-transplant period.
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