Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common forms of carcinoma among women worldwide, accounting for about 12% of all cancers. Tragically, studies have shown generally low awareness levels on its symptoms, risk factors and prevention. This study evaluated the effect of a health education program on knowledge of cervical cancer amongst women at risk in Africa.
Method: This study was conducted in the city of Lagos, Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique. Two model markets were chosen by simple random sampling method from a total of 10 local governments with model markets. One was designated the intervention/experimental group while the other was the control. Systematic sampling method was used in selecting 350 women comprising of 175 participants from each model market. A baseline survey on cervical cancer awareness and screening practices was carried out in both sample groups with the aid of interviewer-administered, structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Thereafter, respondents in the intervention group received sessions of community-based educational messages on cervical cancer and its prevention. Subsequently, participants in both groups were reassessed to evaluate the effect of the educational program. Data analysis was conducted with Epi-info statistical software.
Results: Knowledge level was low on cervical cancer at baseline; only about 15% and 6.9% of participants in the intervention and control groups respectively had heard of cervical cancer. The most common sources of information were friends and media prior to the intervention. Significant increase in proportions were found in the intervention/experimental group on awareness of cervical cancer (61.7%), associated symptoms and risk factors such as early sexual debut, promiscuity and smoking.
Conclusion: It is apparent that efforts must be put in place by all stakeholders in reaching women at risk of cervical cancer through well organized educational campaigns using culturally sensitive information, education and communication.