Background: To date, the stability of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive primary breast carcinomas during disease progression and the role of intervening trastuzumab treatment in the loss of HER2-positive status in paired metastases remain under-investigated.
Materials and methods: Sixty-six patients with HER2-positive primary carcinoma and paired metastasis were evaluated. We examined the overall agreement of the HER2 status and compared the status agreement between 38 trastuzumab-treated patients and 28 trastuzumab-naive control patients. The impact of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, metastatic site (locoregional or distant), and time to relapse (≥5 or <5 years) on the HER2 status change was assessed.
Results: Fifty-six (84.9%) patients had HER2 status agreement between paired tumors; 10 patients had HER2-positive-to-negative conversion. The agreement rate in the trastuzumab-treated group and in the control group was comparable (86.8% versus 82.1%) (P = 0.858). Chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, metastatic site, and time to relapse did not significantly affect HER2 stability in either group. In the discordant tumor pairs, variations in testing methods and borderline scores were common.
Conclusions: HER2-positive status remained unchanged in most paired metastases. Loss of HER2-positive status did not seem to be affected by trastuzumab treatment. Differences in testing and interpretation may account for the discordance in some cases.