Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In addition to recurrent genital ulcers, HSV-2 causes neonatal herpes, and it is associated with a 3-fold increased risk for HIV acquisition. Although many HSV-2 vaccines have been studied in animal models, few have reached clinical trials, and those that have been tested in humans were not consistently effective. Here, we review HSV-2 pathogenesis, with a focus on novel understanding of mucosal immunobiology of HSV-2, and vaccine efforts to date, in an attempt to stimulate thinking about future directions for development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic HSV-2 vaccines.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
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Antibodies, Viral / immunology
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Comorbidity
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Disease Models, Animal
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Female
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Forecasting
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Ganglia, Spinal / virology
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HIV Infections / epidemiology
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Herpes Genitalis / congenital
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Herpes Genitalis / epidemiology
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Herpes Genitalis / prevention & control*
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Herpes Genitalis / transmission
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Herpes Genitalis / virology
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Herpesvirus 2, Human / immunology*
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Herpesvirus Vaccines*
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Humans
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Immune Evasion
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Immunity, Mucosal
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Infant, Newborn
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Male
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / virology
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Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / statistics & numerical data
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Seroepidemiologic Studies
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Vaccination
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Virus Latency
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Young Adult
Substances
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Antibodies, Viral
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Herpesvirus Vaccines