Overexpressing human membrane proteins in stably transfected and clonal human embryonic kidney 293S cells

Nat Protoc. 2012 Feb 9;7(3):453-66. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2011.453.

Abstract

X-ray crystal structures of human membrane proteins, although potentially of extremely great impact, are highly underrepresented relative to those of prokaryotic membrane proteins. One key reason for this is that human membrane proteins can be difficult to express at a level, and at a quality, suitable for structural studies. This protocol describes the methods that we use to overexpress human membrane proteins from clonal human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293S) cells lacking N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI(-)), and was recently used in our 2.1-Å X-ray crystal structure determination of human RhCG. Upon identification of highly expressing cell lines, suspension cell cultures are scaled up in a facile manner either using spinner flasks or cellbag bioreactors, resulting in a final purified yield of ∼0.5 mg of membrane protein per liter of medium. The protocol described here is reliable and cost effective, can be used to express proteins that would otherwise be toxic to mammalian cells and can be completed in 8-10 weeks.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Cation Transport Proteins / chemistry*
  • Cation Transport Proteins / metabolism*
  • Cloning, Molecular / methods
  • Crystallography, X-Ray / methods*
  • HEK293 Cells / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / chemistry*
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism*
  • N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / deficiency
  • Transfection / methods*

Substances

  • Cation Transport Proteins
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • RHCG protein, human
  • N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases
  • alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I