Cis-regulatory logic driving glial cells missing: self-sustaining circuitry in later embryogenesis

Dev Biol. 2012 Apr 15;364(2):259-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.02.003.

Abstract

The glial cells missing (gcm) regulatory gene of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is first expressed in veg2 daughter cells as the genomic target of late cleavage stage Delta-Notch signaling from the skeletogenic mesoderm precursors. Gcm is required in veg2 progeny during late cleavages for the early phase of pigment cell precursor specification. Here we report on a later acting cis-regulatory module that assumes control of gcm expression by the early mesenchyme blastula stage and maintains it through pigment cell differentiation and dispersal. Cis-perturbation analyses reveal that the two critical elements within this late module are consensus matches to Gcm and Six1 binding sites. Significantly, six1 mRNA localizes to gcm+cells from the mesenchyme blastula stage onwards. Trans-perturbations with anti-sense morpholinos reveal a co-dependency between six1 and gcm. Six1 mRNA levels fall sharply after Gcm is depleted, while depleting Six1 leads to significant reductions in output of endogenous gcm or modular-reporters. These results support the conclusion gcm and six1 comprise a positive intergenic feedback loop in the mesodermal GRN. This often employed cross regulatory GRN feature here ensures self-sustaining gcm output in a cohort of fully specified pigment cell precursors at a relatively early developmental stage.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Blastula / metabolism
  • Embryo, Nonmammalian / metabolism
  • Embryonic Development*
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
  • Genes, Regulator
  • Homeodomain Proteins / genetics
  • Homeodomain Proteins / metabolism*
  • Mesoderm / metabolism
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Neuroglia / metabolism*
  • Strongylocentrotus purpuratus / embryology*
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • Transcription Factors