Chemoenzymatic glycoengineering of intact IgG antibodies for gain of functions

J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Jul 25;134(29):12308-18. doi: 10.1021/ja3051266. Epub 2012 Jul 16.

Abstract

The fine structures of Fc N-glycans can modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies. It has been demonstrated that lack of the core fucose on the Fc N-glycans leads to drastic enhancement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), while terminal α2,6-sialylation of Fc glycan plays a critical role for the anti-inflammatory activity of human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We describe in this paper a highly efficient chemoenzymatic method for site-selective Fc glycoengineering of intact monoclonal antibody and IVIG. Two new glycosynthase mutants (EndoS-D233A and D233Q) were generated by site-directed mutagenesis of EndoS (an endoglycosidase from Streptococcus pyogenes ) and were found to be capable of efficiently transferring predefined N-glycans from corresponding glycan oxazolines to the Fc-deglycosylated intact IgGs without product hydrolysis. As a model study, rituximab (a therapeutic monoclonal antibody) was successfully transformed from mixtures of G0F, G1F, and G2F glycoforms to well-defined homogeneous glycoforms, including a fully sialylated (S2G2F) glycoform that may gain anti-inflammatory activity, a nonfucosylated G2 glycoform that showed significantly enhanced FcγIIIa receptor-binding activity, and an azido-tagged glycoform that can be further transformed into other glycoforms. We also found that EndoS could selectively remove the Fc N-glycans in the presence of FAB glycosylation. This finding, coupled with the remarkable transglycosylation activity of the EndoS glycosynthase mutants, permitted a highly selective glycoengineering of the IVIG's Fc glycans into a fully sialylated Fc glycoform, which may possess significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory activity. The glycoengineering approach described here provides a general platform to modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies, enabling the optimization of therapeutic efficacy and gain of new functions of monoclonal antibodies and IVIG.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / chemistry
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / metabolism
  • Galactose / chemistry
  • Galactose / metabolism
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / chemistry
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / genetics
  • Glycoside Hydrolases / metabolism*
  • Glycosylation
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin G / chemistry*
  • Immunoglobulin G / metabolism*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Polysaccharides / chemistry
  • Receptors, IgG / metabolism
  • Rituximab
  • Streptococcus pyogenes / chemistry
  • Streptococcus pyogenes / enzymology*
  • Streptococcus pyogenes / genetics

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Polysaccharides
  • Receptors, IgG
  • Rituximab
  • Glycoside Hydrolases
  • Galactose