Abstract
Research performed on transgenic animals has led to numerous advances in biological research. However, using traditional retroviral methods to generate transgenic avian research models has proved problematic. As a result, experiments aimed at genetic manipulations on birds have remained difficult for this popular research tool. Recently, lentiviral methods have allowed the production of transgenic birds, including a transgenic Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) line showing neuronal specificity and stable expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) across generations (termed here GFP quail). To test whether the GFP quail may serve as a viable alternative to the popular chicken model system, with the additional benefit of genetic manipulation, we compared the development, organization, structure, and function of a specific neuronal circuit in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) with that of the GFP quail. This study focuses on a well-defined avian brain region, the principal nuclei of the sound localization circuit in the auditory brainstem, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), and nucleus laminaris (NL). Our results demonstrate that structural and functional properties of NM and NL neurons in the GFP quail, as well as their dynamic properties in response to changes in the environment, are nearly identical to those in chickens. These similarities demonstrate that the GFP quail, as well as other transgenic quail lines, can serve as an attractive avian model system, with the advantage of being able to build on the wealth of information already available from the chicken.
Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Animals, Genetically Modified
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Animals, Newborn
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Brain Stem* / cytology
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Brain Stem* / embryology
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Brain Stem* / growth & development
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Chick Embryo
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Cochlea / metabolism
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Cochlea / surgery
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Coturnix
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Electric Stimulation
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Embryo, Nonmammalian
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Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / pharmacology
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Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / drug effects
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Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / genetics
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Female
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Fluoxetine / pharmacology
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Functional Laterality
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GABA Antagonists / pharmacology
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / genetics*
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Glutamate Decarboxylase / metabolism
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
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Humans
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In Vitro Techniques
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Kv1.3 Potassium Channel / metabolism
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Lentivirus / genetics
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Male
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Membrane Potentials / drug effects
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Membrane Potentials / physiology
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Microtubule-Associated Proteins / metabolism
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Models, Animal*
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Neural Pathways / physiology
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Neurons / physiology*
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Okadaic Acid / analogs & derivatives
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Patch-Clamp Techniques
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Picrotoxin / pharmacology
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Pyrans / pharmacokinetics
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Quinoxalines / pharmacology
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Synapsins / genetics
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Synapsins / metabolism
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Transgenes
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Valine / analogs & derivatives
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Valine / pharmacology
Substances
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Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
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GABA Antagonists
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Kv1.3 Potassium Channel
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Microtubule-Associated Proteins
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Pyrans
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Quinoxalines
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Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
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Synapsins
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Fluoxetine
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2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline
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Picrotoxin
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Green Fluorescent Proteins
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Okadaic Acid
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dinophysistoxin 1
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2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid
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Glutamate Decarboxylase
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glutamate decarboxylase 2
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Valine