Optimized axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) husbandry, breeding, metamorphosis, transgenesis and tamoxifen-mediated recombination

Nat Protoc. 2014 Mar;9(3):529-40. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2014.040. Epub 2014 Feb 6.

Abstract

The axolotl (Mexican salamander, Ambystoma mexicanum) has become a very useful model organism for studying limb and spinal cord regeneration because of its high regenerative capacity. Here we present a protocol for successfully mating and breeding axolotls in the laboratory throughout the year, for metamorphosing axolotls by a single i.p. injection and for axolotl transgenesis using I-SceI meganuclease and the mini Tol2 transposon system. Tol2-mediated transgenesis provides different features and advantages compared with I-SceI-mediated transgenesis, and it can result in more than 30% of animals expressing the transgene throughout their bodies so that they can be directly used for experimentation. By using Tol2-mediated transgenesis, experiments can be performed within weeks (e.g., 5-6 weeks for obtaining 2-3-cm-long larvae) without the need to establish germline transgenic lines (which take 12-18 months). In addition, we describe here tamoxifen-induced Cre-mediated recombination in transgenic axolotls.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Ambystoma mexicanum / physiology*
  • Animal Husbandry / methods*
  • Animals
  • Breeding / methods*
  • Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / metabolism
  • Gene Transfer Techniques*
  • Metamorphosis, Biological / physiology*
  • Models, Animal*
  • Recombination, Genetic / physiology
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / metabolism
  • Tamoxifen
  • Transposases / metabolism

Substances

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • Tamoxifen
  • Transposases
  • SCEI protein, S cerevisiae
  • Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific