Optimizing Mouse Surgery with Online Rectal Temperature Monitoring and Preoperative Heat Supply. Effects on Post-Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury

PLoS One. 2016 Feb 18;11(2):e0149489. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149489. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Body temperature affects outcomes of tissue injury. We hypothesized that online body core temperature recording and selective interventions help to standardize peri-interventional temperature control and the reliability of outcomes in experimental renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We recorded core temperature in up to seven mice in parallel using a Thermes USB recorder and ret-3-iso rectal probes with three different protocols. Setup A: Heating pad during ischemia time; Setup B: Heating pad from incision to wound closure; Setup C: A ventilated heating chamber before surgery and during ischemia time with surgeries performed on a heating pad. Temperature profile recording displayed significant declines upon installing anesthesia. The profile of the baseline experimental setup A revealed that <1% of the temperature readings were within the target range of 36.5 to 38.5°C. Setup B and C increased the target range readings to 34.6 ± 28.0% and 99.3 ± 1.5%, respectively. Setup C significantly increased S3 tubular necrosis, neutrophil influx, and mRNA expression of kidney injury markers. In addition, using setup C different ischemia times generated a linear correlation with acute tubular necrosis parameters at a low variability, which further correlated with the degree of kidney atrophy 5 weeks after surgery. Changing temperature control setup A to C was equivalent to 10 minutes more ischemia time. We conclude that body temperature drops quickly in mice upon initiating anesthesia. Immediate heat supply, e.g. in a ventilated heating chamber, and online core temperature monitoring can help to standardize and optimize experimental outcomes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury / etiology*
  • Acute Kidney Injury / metabolism
  • Acute Kidney Injury / pathology*
  • Acute Kidney Injury / prevention & control
  • Animals
  • Atrophy
  • Body Temperature*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Heating* / methods
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Monitoring, Intraoperative*
  • Preoperative Care*
  • Reperfusion Injury / genetics
  • Reperfusion Injury / metabolism
  • Reperfusion Injury / pathology*
  • Surgical Procedures, Operative* / methods
  • Surgical Procedures, Operative* / standards

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (http://www.dfg.de/): AN372/11-2 and AN372/23-1. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.