Cryo-EM of Mitotic Checkpoint Complex-Bound APC/C Reveals Reciprocal and Conformational Regulation of Ubiquitin Ligation

Mol Cell. 2016 Aug 18;63(4):593-607. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.07.003. Epub 2016 Aug 10.

Abstract

The mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) coordinates proper chromosome biorientation on the spindle with ubiquitination activities of CDC20-activated anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C(CDC20)). APC/C(CDC20) and two E2s, UBE2C and UBE2S, catalyze ubiquitination through distinct architectures for linking ubiquitin (UB) to substrates and elongating polyUB chains, respectively. MCC, which contains a second molecule of CDC20, blocks APC/C(CDC20)-UBE2C-dependent ubiquitination of Securin and Cyclins, while differentially determining or inhibiting CDC20 ubiquitination to regulate spindle surveillance, checkpoint activation, and checkpoint termination. Here electron microscopy reveals conformational variation of APC/C(CDC20)-MCC underlying this multifaceted regulation. MCC binds APC/C-bound CDC20 to inhibit substrate access. However, rotation about the CDC20-MCC assembly and conformational variability of APC/C modulate UBE2C-catalyzed ubiquitination of MCC's CDC20 molecule. Access of UBE2C is limiting for subsequent polyubiquitination by UBE2S. We propose that conformational dynamics of APC/C(CDC20)-MCC modulate E2 activation and determine distinctive ubiquitination activities as part of a response mechanism ensuring accurate sister chromatid segregation.

Publication types

  • Video-Audio Media

MeSH terms

  • Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome / metabolism*
  • Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome / ultrastructure*
  • Binding Sites
  • Cdc20 Proteins / metabolism
  • Cdc20 Proteins / ultrastructure
  • Chromosome Segregation*
  • Cryoelectron Microscopy*
  • Humans
  • M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Spindle Apparatus / metabolism*
  • Spindle Apparatus / ultrastructure*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Ubiquitin / metabolism*
  • Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes / metabolism
  • Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes / ultrastructure
  • Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / metabolism
  • Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / ultrastructure
  • Ubiquitination

Substances

  • Cdc20 Proteins
  • UBA1 protein, human
  • Ubiquitin
  • CDC20 protein, human
  • UBE2C protein, human
  • Ube2S protein, human
  • Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes
  • Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
  • Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes