Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Sociology and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ² Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ³ Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁵ Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁶ Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
• ⁷ Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
• ⁸ Sociology of Consumption and Households, Wageningen University Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
• ⁹ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹⁰ MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ¹¹ Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ¹² Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹³ Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁴ Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁵ MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ¹⁶ School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ¹⁷ deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ¹⁸ Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ¹⁹ Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
• ²⁰ COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ²¹ Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ²² Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
• ²³ Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
• ²⁴ Department of Genetics, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
• ²⁵ Department of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
• ²⁶ Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
• ²⁷ Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ²⁸ Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
• ²⁹ Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ³⁰ Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
• ³¹ Departments of Systems and Computational Biology, of Pathology and of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
• ³² Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and of Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
• ³³ School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
• ³⁴ Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
• ³⁵ Department of Genetics, Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
• ³⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ³⁷ Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• ³⁸ Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Milan, Italy.
• ³⁹ Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
• ⁴⁰ Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
• ⁴¹ Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁴² Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁴³ Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁴⁴ Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
• ⁴⁵ Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁴⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁴⁷ Health Economics Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁴⁸ 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, California, USA.
• ⁴⁹ Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• ⁵⁰ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁵¹ Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
• ⁵² Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁵³ Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁵⁴ Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ⁵⁵ Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
• ⁵⁶ Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ⁵⁷ Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
• ⁵⁸ Cardiovascular and Metabolic Conditions Section, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA.
• ⁵⁹ Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.
• ⁶⁰ Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
• ⁶¹ Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ⁶² Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ⁶³ William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
• ⁶⁴ Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
• ⁶⁵ Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
• ⁶⁶ Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
• ⁶⁷ Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁶⁸ Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
• ⁶⁹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
• ⁷⁰ Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
• ⁷¹ University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, Lille, France.
• ⁷² Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁷³ Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁷⁴ Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁷⁵ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ⁷⁶ Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁷⁷ Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁷⁸ Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
• ⁷⁹ Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁸⁰ EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁸¹ School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ⁸² Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁸³ Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
• ⁸⁴ Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁸⁵ Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁸⁶ Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
• ⁸⁷ Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, Naples, Italy.
• ⁸⁸ Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
• ⁸⁹ Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CMR, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
• ⁹⁰ Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
• ⁹¹ Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ⁹² Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁹³ Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ⁹⁴ Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
• ⁹⁵ Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁹⁶ Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy.
• ⁹⁷ Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁹⁸ Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁹⁹ Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ¹⁰⁰ Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ¹⁰¹ Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹⁰² King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
• ¹⁰³ Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ¹⁰⁴ Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁰⁵ Data Coordinating Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.
• ¹⁰⁶ Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy.
• ¹⁰⁷ IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
• ¹⁰⁸ MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ¹⁰⁹ Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
• ¹¹⁰ Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹¹¹ Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹¹² Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹¹³ Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland.
• ¹¹⁴ Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
• ¹¹⁵ Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra, Doha, Qatar.
• ¹¹⁶ Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ¹¹⁷ Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
• ¹¹⁸ Econometric Institute, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ¹¹⁹ Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
• ¹²⁰ Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹²¹ Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ¹²² School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
• ¹²³ Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
• ¹²⁴ Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute of Health Research and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
• ¹²⁵ South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
• ¹²⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
• ¹²⁷ Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹²⁸ Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹²⁹ Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹³⁰ Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹³¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
• ¹³² Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
• ¹³³ Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
• ¹³⁴ Health Monitoring Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
• ¹³⁵ IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ¹³⁶ Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
• ¹³⁷ Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ¹³⁸ Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
• ¹³⁹ Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
• ¹⁴⁰ NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
• ¹⁴¹ Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• ¹⁴² Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
• ¹⁴³ UKK Institute for Health Promotion,Tampere, Finland.
• ¹⁴⁴ Danish Aging Research Center and Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
• ¹⁴⁵ MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Central Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
• ¹⁴⁶ Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
• ¹⁴⁷ Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁴⁸ Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁴⁹ Department of BESC, Epidemiology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• ¹⁵⁰ Research Unit for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
• ¹⁵¹ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
• ¹⁵² Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ¹⁵³ Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
• ¹⁵⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
• ¹⁵⁵ Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
• ¹⁵⁶ Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
• ¹⁵⁷ Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ¹⁵⁸ Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
• ¹⁵⁹ Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ¹⁶⁰ Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France.
• ¹⁶¹ Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
• ¹⁶² Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ¹⁶³ Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ¹⁶⁴ German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Berlin University of Technology (TUB), Berlin, Germany.
• ¹⁶⁵ Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ¹⁶⁶ Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
• ¹⁶⁷ National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹⁶⁸ Department of Economics, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
• ¹⁶⁹ Research Institute for Industrial Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹⁷⁰ Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.