IFI16 and cGAS cooperate in the activation of STING during DNA sensing in human keratinocytes

Nat Commun. 2017 Feb 13:8:14392. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14392.

Abstract

Many human cells can sense the presence of exogenous DNA during infection though the cytosolic DNA receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). Other putative DNA receptors have been described, but whether their functions are redundant, tissue-specific or integrated in the cGAS-cGAMP pathway is unclear. Here we show that interferon-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16) cooperates with cGAS during DNA sensing in human keratinocytes, as both cGAS and IFI16 are required for the full activation of an innate immune response to exogenous DNA and DNA viruses. IFI16 is also required for the cGAMP-induced activation of STING, and interacts with STING to promote STING phosphorylation and translocation. We propose that the two DNA sensors IFI16 and cGAS cooperate to prevent the spurious activation of the type I interferon response.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line
  • DNA / metabolism*
  • DNA Viruses / metabolism
  • Gene Expression
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Interferon-beta / genetics
  • Interferon-beta / metabolism
  • Keratinocytes / immunology
  • Keratinocytes / metabolism*
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Mutation
  • Nuclear Proteins / genetics
  • Nuclear Proteins / metabolism*
  • Nucleotides, Cyclic / metabolism
  • Nucleotidyltransferases / metabolism*
  • Phosphoproteins / genetics
  • Phosphoproteins / metabolism*
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Transport

Substances

  • Membrane Proteins
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Nucleotides, Cyclic
  • Phosphoproteins
  • STING1 protein, human
  • cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
  • IFI16 protein, human
  • Interferon-beta
  • DNA
  • Nucleotidyltransferases
  • cGAS protein, human